N398 Meds Midterm Flashcards
(40 cards)
Aspirin
Classification: Nonopioid Analgesics
Use: inflammation suppression, Analgesia for mild/moderate pain, fever reduction
Action: COX1 and COX2 inhibitor
Adverse effects and rxns: GI, Impaired kidney function (decreased urine output, increased BUN and creatinine levels), Salicylism (tinnitus, sweating, headache, dizziness, respiratory acidosis)
Nursing considerations:
- Aspirin toxicity should be managed as a medical emergency, activated charcoal given to decrease absorption
- Reverse acidosis and promote salicylate excretion with bicarbonate
Oxycodone/Morphine (MS Contin)
Class: Opioid agonist
Use: Produces analgesia, respiratory depression,euphoria, sedation
Action: Acts on the mu receptors and to a lesser degree the kappa receptors
Adverse Effects: respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention
Nursing Considerations: assess pain level on a regular basis
- take baseline vital signs and monitor them periodically
- double check opioid doses with another nurse prior to administering them
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Class: broad spec. antibiotic
Use: Treats infections due to gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Action: destroys cell walls of bacteria
Adverse Effects: allergies, diarrhea
Nursing Considerations:
- take with meals
- watch for interactions with oral contraceptive use
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor) (Augmentin, Zosyn
Class: Broad-spectrum antibiotic
Use: Treats infections due to gram-positive and gram negative cocci (helps with amoxicillin resistance)
Action: destroys the cell wall of bacteria
Adverse Effects:
- -allergies, anaphylaxis
- diarrhea
Nursing Considerations:
- take medication with meals,
- report any signs of allergies right away,
- complete entire course of therapy
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Class: Cephalosporin 1st gen antibiotic
Works on gram positive infections, narrow spectrum soft tissue and skin infection
Action: destroys bacterial cell walls
Adverse Effects: N/V/diarrhea
Nursing Considerations:
- take with food
- often given prophylactically before surgery
-
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Class: Cephalosporin 3rd generation
Good for gram positive or some gram negative, *great CNS penetration (crosses blood brain barrier)
Action: destroy bacterial cell walls
Adverse Effects: -allergies, anaphylaxis
-may increase bleeding tendencies
Nursing Considerations:
- given IM or IV
- do NOT give to neonates due to bilirubin/albumin binding
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Class: Macrolide antibiotic
inhibit microorganism growth *can cover “atypical” organisms
Action: inhibit protein synthesis of microorganisms
*(binds to the ribosome of the bacteria so it can’t do protein synthesis)
Adverse Effects:
- GI discomfort
- prolonged QT intervals (cardiac)
Nursing Considerations:
used for clients who have a penicillin allergy
Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
Class: Tetracycline broad-spectrum antibiotic
Covers both gram pos and gram neg bacteria such as chlamydia
Action: inhibit protein synthesis of microorganisms
Adverse Effects:
- GI discomfort
- hepatotoxicity
- photosensitivity (intense sunburn)
Nursing Considerations:
monitor for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-binds to cations; separate 2 hrs from any cation ingestion
wear sunscreen
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Class: antiprotozoals antibiotic
Treatment of protozoal infections (intestinal amebiasis)
Action: nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
Adverse Effects:
- GI discomfort
- metallic taste
Nursing Considerations:
- severe reaction with alcohol!
- use condoms if treating for STD and finish entire course of medication
- drug interactions
Fluconazole
Class: anti fungal
Action:
inhibits the formation of the fungal cell membrane;
slows growth of the fungus or destroys it
Adverse Effects:
- nausea, headache, rash
- rare hepatic necrosis
Nursing Considerations:
- complete the prescribed course of therapy
- drug interactions
Unfractionated heparin
Class: anticoagulant
Action: inactivates thrombin & factor Xa
Adverse Effects:
- bleeding
- heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Nursing Considerations:
unpredictable bioavailability, short half life, monitor labs aPTT
Enoxaparin
Class: anticoagulant
Action: inactivates factor Xa
Adverse Effects:
- bleeding
- heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Nursing Considerations:
- cautious in pts with renal dysfunction b/c of elimination
- less protein binding
Warfarin
Class: anticoagulant
Vitamin K antagonist
Action: Inhibits synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (suppresses production of Factors II, VII, IX, X)
Adverse Effects:
bleeding (watch for getting hit, cuts)
Nursing Considerations:
- monitor labs (PT, INR)
- lots of food and drug interactions
- long half life, delayed onset
Dabigatran
Class: anticoagulant
Action: Direct Thrombin inhibitor
Adverse Effects:
bleeding, GI effects (abdominal pain)
Nursing Considerations:
-watch for drug interactions (i.e. amiodarone)
Rivaroxaban
Class: anticoagulant
Action: Factor Xa inhibitor
Adverse Effects:
-BLEEDING, cuts, getting hit, unexplained bruising
Nursing Considerations:
-active immediately (helpful)
Ferrous sulfate
Class: Ferrous sulfate
Action: provides iron
Adverse Effects:
- GI disturbances
- constipation
- can turn stools dark green/black
Nursing Considerations:
-Reduced absorption if taken with antiacids, increased absorption if taken with Vitamin C
Iron dextran
Class: Parenteral iron
complex of ferric hydroxide and dextrans (glucose polymers)
Adverse Effects:
- anaphylactic reactions
- hypotension
- circulatory failure
- cardiac arrest
Nursing Considerations:
IV infusion
Cnocobalamin
Class: iron supplement- Vitamin B12 product
Action: purified, crystaline form of vitamin B12
Adverse Effects:
-may see hypokalemia due to increased erythrocyte production
Folic Acid
Class: nutritional supplement
Need B12 to fix the neurologic effects of anemia
Action: helps treat anemia- folic acid is necessary for formation of many coenzymes in many metabolic systems required for erythropoiesis and folate deficiency anemia
Erythropoietin
Class: anemia treatment
Action: induces erythropoiesis (production of RBCs)
Lisinopril
Class: ACE inhibitor
Action: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
(no vasoconstriction, body will not hold onto salt, you will diurese)
Adverse Effects:
-persistent cough, hyperkalemia, teratogenic, angioedema (big tongue)
Nursing Considerations:
shown to slow progression of kidney injury in pts with diabetes
Losartan
Class: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
Action: prevents fluid retention, vasodilation, activation of RAAS system
Adverse Effects:
-teratogenic, angioedema, hyperkalemia
Nursing Considerations:
often used in combination therapy
Amlodipine
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
anti- hypertensive agent
Action:
-suppresses smooth muscle contractions by preventing vasoconstriction
Adverse Effects:
- reflexive tachycardia
- peripheral edema
Nursing Considerations:
-watch for swelling; do not want to start another medication to treat swelling when the swelling is caused by the med
Hydralazine
Class: Vasodilator, hypertensive agent
Adverse Reactions:
- reflexive tachycardia (heart will increase rate to make up for lack of vasoconstriction)
- can cause a systemic lupus erythematosus
Nursing Considerations:
-watch when administering to pregnant mothers
