Nail structure, DIsorders, and Diseases

Question 1

The nail plate has approximately how many layers?

Answer 1

100

Question 2

What type of disorder is associated with damage to the capillaries under the nail?

Answer 2

Splinter hemorrhage

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a part of the natural nail unit?

Answer 3

The onyx

Question 4

What type of disorder is associated with a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, wherein it might curl in upon itself?

Answer 4

Pincer nail

Question 5

What helps guide the nail plate along the nail bed as it grows?

Answer 5

The epithelium

Question 6

Phyllis is a nail tech who has recently moved to California. During her interview, she describes how her many years of work at another spa have made her well suited for this new position. When asked to describe the services she performed, Phyllis briefly mentions waxing in conversation. Why would that surprise Phyllis’s interviewer?

Answer 6

Most manicurists are not permitted to remove hair by waxing

Question 7

What is the water content of a healthy nail?

Answer 7

15-25%

Question 8

Why must the hyponychium be treated gently?

Answer 8

If the hyponychium is damaged, an infection under the nail plate is possible

Question 9

How long does it take for fingernail plates to be fully replaced?

Answer 9

4-6 months

Question 10

The ___________________ is the hard protective plate that protects the tips of the fingers or toes.

Answer 10

Natural nail

Question 11

What is the average rate of nail plate growth in normal adults per month?

Answer 11

1/10” to 1/8” per month

Question 12

What type of disorder is associated with nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations?

Answer 12

Nail psoriasis

Question 13

Which of the following disorders is associated with the nail turning a variety of colors, which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation?

Answer 13

Discolored nails

Question 14

How would you compare fingernail and toenail growth and the matrix?

Answer 14

Toenails are thicker than fingernails because the toenail matrix is longer

Question 15

Stephanie is pregnant. She is talking to her nail tech friend Charlie about how wonderful her prenatal vitamins have been for her hair and nail growth. What could Charlie tell Stephanie about her nail growth?

Answer 15

Nail growth rates accelerate during pregnancy whether she is taking a prenatal or not

Question 16

How would you compare the relationship between the matrix and the plate?

Answer 16

The length, width, and curvature of the matrix determine the thickness, width, and curvature of the plate.

Question 17

Which of the following diseases is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and which in early stages is associated with a yellow-green spot?

Answer 17

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

Which of the following disorders is associated with dark purplish spots usually due to a small injury to the nail bed?

Answer 18

Bruised nail bed

Question 19

Angela is training to be a nail technician. While she is working on a client, her manager stops her because she’s about to clip too close to the eponychium. What might Angela have confused the eponychium for?

Answer 19

The nail cuticle

Question 20

Which of the following diseases is associated with the separation of the nail plate and bed due to injury or allergic reactions?

Answer 20

Onycholysis