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Flashcards in name the bacteria Deck (62)
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0
Q

What disease is this and what bacteria causes it?

Have a pseudomembrane in the throat that is described as a grayish membrane containing bacteria, host cell debris.

Often see “bull-neck” appearance due to pseudomembrane.

A

Respiratory diphtheria

Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

1
Q

What bacteria has these characteristics?

Toxin has an A:B subunit motif that has tissue specificity. It is often referred to as a cardiotoxin. The peptide A of this toxin is an ADP-ribosylating enzyme that ADP-ribosylates EF2 and stops host cell protein synthesis. The synthesis of this toxin is encoded for by lysogenic phage (beta phage).

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2
Q

This test tests for protective antibodies.

A negative test is when the dilute toxin is injected intradermally & do not see redness on skin- indicates protective antibody

A positive test see redness, indicating lack of immunity

A

Schick skin test

Used with corynebacterium diphtheriae

3
Q

What bacteria is a foot-associated diphtheroid?

A

Corynebacterium minitissimum

4
Q

This disease is similar to Athlete’s foot and is not pus-forming. It is diagnosed using Wood’s light when you see it fluorescing coral red. What is the disease and what causes it?

A

Erythrasma

Corynebacterium minitissimum

5
Q

With what bacteria do you see tumbling motility at 22 degrees and no motility at 37 degrees?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

6
Q

What bacteria is facultative intracellular?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

7
Q

What bacteria displays a small zone of beta hemolysis around the colony?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

8
Q

This bacteria has virulence factors that include Listeriolysin O which mediates the escape of the organism from the phagosome and is enhanced by low pH. Also an actin tail and internalins which help in its invasiveness.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

9
Q

What bacteria is known to be a cause of abortions?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

10
Q

What bacteria can cause granulomatosis infantiseptica?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

11
Q

What bacteria can cause food poisoning especially with consumption of unpasteurized milk and turkey?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

12
Q

This bacteria causes the disease Erysipeloid which is a mild form of cellulitis, which is usually on the hand and can be referred to as whale or seal finger with no pus formation. It can lead to widespread skin infection and can lead to endocarditis, especially in diabetics and transplant patients.

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

13
Q

This bacteria can be found in nature where nitrogenous wastes are decomposing. Fecal contamination in the environment can infect humans and can be exposed from their occupation such as veterinarians, fishermen, and butchers.

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

14
Q

This bacteria is an obligate anaerobe, a gram positive rod. It forms endospores. Its spores can be found in the soil, dust, decaying matter, and in vacuum-packed canned goods.

A

Clostridium botulinum

15
Q

This bacteria’s toxin is one of the most toxic compounds known. It consists of 8 immunologically different toxins although types A, B, & E commonly cause human disease. The toxins are pre-formed in food and are heat labile and released during cell autolysis. It acts as a neurotoxin & blocks the release of acetylcholine neurotransmitter resulting in flaccid paralysis.

A

Clostridium botulinum

Botulinum toxin

16
Q

What toxin is a neurotoxin that blocks the release of acetylchioline and causes flaccid paralysis?

A

Botulinum toxin of clostridium botulinum

17
Q

This bacteria causes a form of food poisoning with symptoms including vomiting, nausea, diplopia, dysphagia, & dysphonia. Its later symptoms include respiratory distress & flaccid paralysis.

A

Clostridium botulinum

18
Q

This bacteria can lead to SIDS and is also known as Floppy Baby Syndrome. Honey is the most common source of the spores in this case.

A

Clostridium botulinum

Disease= Infant botulism

19
Q

This bacteria’s toxins are detected by their lethal effect on cell cultures and use of ELISA.

A

Clostridium difficile

20
Q

This bacteria is part of the normal flora in 10% of humans and 75% of neonates. Nosocomial spread is common. It is activated in carriers by changed bacterial balance associated with antibiotic use.

A

Clostridium difficile

21
Q

This bacteria has exotoxins A & B. Toxin A is aka TcdA and causes diarrhea & colitis. Toxin B is aka TcdB which is a cytotoxin that kills cells & causes necrosis.

A

Clostridium difficile

22
Q

This bacteria causes Antibiotic Associated Colitis (AAC) or “pseudomembranous colitis” which arises a few days after antibiotic treatment. It is a superinfection with symptoms that include bloody diarrhea, fever, & pseudomembrane in colon.

A

Clostridium difficile

23
Q

This bacteria exhibits double zone beta hemolysis

A

Clostridium perfringens

24
Q

On egg-yolk agar this bacteria is lecithinase positive and form a ring of precipitate of insoluble diglycerides.

A

Clostridium perfringens

25
Q

For clostridium perfringens the enterotoxin is associated with what seotpe.

A

Serotype A

26
Q

What bacteria causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

27
Q

This bacteria causes Enteritis Necroticans aka Pig-bel… What serotype is it associated with?

A

Clostridium perfringens

Serotype C

28
Q

This bacteria has a tennis racket or drumstick appearance

A

Clostridia tetani

29
Q

This bacteria has a toxin that blocks the exocytosis of inhibitory transmitters glycine snd GABA which results in spastic paralysis of voluntary muscles.

A

Clostridia tetani

30
Q

This bacteria’s toxin tends to be called “lockjaw” because it tends to affect neck & jaw muscles more frequently. (Aka Trismus)

A

Clostridia tetani

31
Q

What hemolysin is serologically related to Streptolysin O and what bacteria produces it?

A

Tetanolysin from clostridia tetani

32
Q

What is risus sardonicus and with what bacteria do you see this with?

A

=facial grimace

Seen with clostridium tetani

33
Q

Is it a good idea to use penicillin for Clostridium tetani?

A

C. Tetani is sensitive to penicillin but use of penicillin is not recommended because penicillin also inhibits normal release of GABA

Instead can give sedatives and muscle relaxants to minimize spasms

Can also use Baclofen (GABA analog) & GABA agonists

34
Q

For which bacteria is a test for propionic acid production appropriate?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

35
Q

What bacteria grows in acne lesions?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

36
Q

Acne vulgaris is caused by which bacterium?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

37
Q

This bacteria is described as having medusa head colonies which are waxy and erose.

A

Bacillus anthracis

38
Q

This bacteria has a polypeptide capsule composed of poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (glutamate). The capsule’s overall negative charge is responsible for it being anti-phagocytic.

A

Bacillus anthracis

39
Q

This toxin is composed of 3 peptides: edema factor(EF), lethal factor (LF), and protective antigen (PA).

A

Anthrax toxin of bacillus anthracis

40
Q

This disease forms a round necrotic black ulcer (eschar). This can lead to bacteremia and release toxin that causes blood to thicken and can be fatal within 4 days.

A

Cutaneous anthrax by bacillus anthracis

41
Q

This bacteria causes Woolsorters disease which is pneumonia following inhalation of spores from infected wool. This is rare but rapidly fatal.

A

Bacillus anthracis

42
Q

This bacteria is a MOTILE gram positive rod. It is aerobic. Its endospores are metacentric. Its vegetative cells and spores are found in soil, dust, decaying organic matter, rice, and meat.

A

Bacillus cereus

43
Q

This bacteria has 2 enterotoxins, Necrotic toxin that is similar to cholera toxin and causes diarrhea & Heat-stable enterotoxin which causes emesis.

A

Bacillus cereus

44
Q

This bacteria causes “Chinese Restaurant Syndrome” with Emetic food poisoning and Diarrheal food poisoning.

A

Bacillus cereus

45
Q

This bacteria is present in club-shaped pleomorphic rods that are usually in “chinese letter” clumps or palisades

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

46
Q

This bacteria is beta hemolytic, gram positive, and yellow.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

47
Q

This bacteria is catalase positive, coagulase positive, DNase positive, mannitol positive, and tellurite reduction positive.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

48
Q

This bacteria has a cytotoxin called beta toxin that has sphingomyelinase activity

A

Staph aureus

49
Q

This toxin of staph aureus is the most common involved in classic food poisoning

A

Toxin A (SEA)

50
Q

This toxin of staph aureus is a superantigen. It simultaneously binds to MHC class II and specific V-beta regions of TCR, causing excessive release of IL-2 from TH cells and IL-1 from macrophages leading to hypotension, multiple organ involvement, and death.

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST) aka SEF

51
Q

This bacteria produces exfoliatin toxins that are aka scalded skin syndrome

A

Staph aureus

52
Q

This bacteria produces phenol soluble modulins

A

Staph aureus

More highly produced by community-associated strains of MRSA

53
Q

This bacteria has beta lactamase, mutant penicillin binding protein,and coagulase as virulence factors

A

Staph aureus

54
Q

Coagulase is a virulence factor of staph aureus, what does it do?

A

Catalyzes the formation of thrombin which converts fibrinogen to fibrin- possibly anti-phagocytic

55
Q

What protein has protein A as a virulence factor?

A

Staph aureus

56
Q

These bacteria have MSCRAMMS as their virulence factors

A

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

57
Q

This bacteria causes folliculitis which can lead to formation of furuncles and carbuncles.

A

Staph aureus

58
Q

This bacteria is the leading cause of impetigo

A

Staph aureus

59
Q

This bacteria causes Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (Ritters disease) which is caused by isolates lysogenized by phage group 2. In the lesions with this the bacteria are not likely to be at the site of the skin lesions but elsewhere.

A

Staph aureus

60
Q

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by…

A

Staph aureus

61
Q

Osteomyelitis is caused by

A

Staph aureus