names for crime and deviance

Question 1

Durkheim

Answer 1

Boundary maintenance, safety valve

Question 2

Hirschi

Answer 2

Bonds of attachment

Question 3

Merton

Answer 3

Strain theory

Question 4

AK Cohen

Answer 4

Status frustration

Subcultural functionalist

Question 5

Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 5

Not everyone can access illegitimate means in strain theory

Subcultural functionalist

Question 6

Miller

Answer 6

Focal concerns of WC boys

Subcultural functionalist

Question 7

Matza

Answer 7

Techniques of neutralisation

Subcultural functionalist

Question 8

Chambliss

Answer 8

Property law protects ruling class

Question 9

Snider

Answer 9

Health and safety laws just for show

Question 10

Hall

Answer 10

Media amplification, seeks to divide WC with black muggers

Neo Marxist

Question 11

Walby

Answer 11

6 spheres of patriarchy

Question 12

Becker

Answer 12

Deviant acts are only deemed deviant because of how they are labelled

Labelling theory

Question 13

S Cohen

Answer 13

Folk devils, moral panics

Interactionist

Question 14

Lemert

Answer 14

Primary and secondary deviancy, deviancy amplification

Interactionist

Question 15

Cicourel

Answer 15

Negotiation of justice for MC but not WC. Police deem behaviour as deviant based on interpretation of behaviour (1) and suspect (2)

Interactionist

Question 16

Giddens

Answer 16

Runaway world, unclear definition of crime globally

Postmodernist

Question 17

Bauman

Answer 17

Liquid fears, liquid surveillance, dehumanisation (of immigrants etc.) as leading to state crime
- Liquid fears due to unstable world caused by capitalism, leads to fortresses to deal with the unknown

Postmodernist

Question 18

Lea and Young

Answer 18

Relative deprivation, need community involvement to reduce crime

New Left Realist

Question 19

Murray

Answer 19

Male criminality due to lack of a father figure, women’s fault

Right Realist

Question 20

Pollack

Answer 20

Women conceal crime e.g. because they hide periods and fake orgasms

Concealed female crime

Question 21

Warren

Answer 21

Chivalry thesis

Concealed female crime

Question 22

Ansley

Answer 22

Women are trapped in the home and are takers of shit

No opportunity for female crime

Question 23

Heidensohn

Answer 23

Control theory e.g. the husband over thr wife through wife battering (asserting patriarchal authority)

Lack of opportunity for female crime

Question 24

Parsons

Answer 24

Sex role theory

Female crime

Question 25

Double jeopardy

Answer 25

Double criminalisation if masculine and criminal | Female crime

Question 26

Carlen

Answer 26

Breakdown of class and gender deal | Increase in female crime, Marxist feminist

Question 27

Adler

Answer 27

Female liberation | Increase in female crime

Question 28

Messerscmidt/Mac an Ghail

Answer 28

Men commit crime due to the crisis of masculinity

Question 29

Gordon

Answer 29

Capitalism is criminogenic

Question 30

Katz and Lyng

Answer 30

Edgework, crime for the thrill

Question 31

Waddington

Answer 31

More densely populated areas are criminal, not ethnicity. Stop and search proportionate to available population, not to entire population

Question 32

Gilroy

Answer 32

Myth of black criminality

Question 33

Philips and Bowling

Answer 33

Officers hold racist stereotypes

Question 34

Hobbs and Dunningham (+ Castells)

Answer 34

Globalisation requires glocal knowledge e.g. local connections (therefore hard to study). Global crime made up of smaller groups around the world

Question 35

Lash and Urry

Answer 35

Wild spaces

Question 36

Halsey and White

Answer 36

Capitalism leads to green crime, production outsourced

Question 37

Primary green crime

Answer 37

Done directly against the environment e.g. air pollution, deforestation, etc.

Question 38

Secondary green crime

Answer 38

Crime that grows out of disregarding environmental rules e.g. violence against environmental groups, organised crime to avoid regulations, or from exploiting conditions which follow environmental damage e.g. illegal food/medicine/water markets

Question 39

McLaughlin

Answer 39

4 types of state crime: political, crimes of police/security force, economic, social + cultural

Question 40

A Cohen

Answer 40

Spirals of denial (ignore the crime, pretend they're ignorant of it e.g. Partygate)

Question 41

Weber

Answer 41

Not just economic but cultural capital needed for power (charisma, party, rational legal, status)

Question 42

Beck

Answer 42

Risk society

Question 43

Green and Ward

Answer 43

State crime is deviancy that is complicit with the state

Question 44

Foucault

Answer 44

So conscious of external surveillance that now we monitor ourselves through internal surveillance | Post structuralist