Naming, Identifying, and Classifying Microorganisms Based On Their Characteristics

Question 1

What are the major classes of microorganisms in increasing complexity?

Answer 1

1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Multicellular animal parasites

Question 2

What roles do microorganisms play in the environment?

Answer 2

1. oxygen production

2. decomposition

Question 3

Viruses are

a. acellular
b. cellular

Answer 3

a. accelular

Question 4

Which microorganism is a strict intracellular parasite?

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

What does a strict intracellular parasite contain

Answer 5

genome and some structural elements

Question 6

Which microorganism cannot produce proteins or energy so they have to take over the machinery of a living cell?

Answer 6

Viruses

Question 7

Do viruses contain ribosomes?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Do viruses contain DNA or RNA?

Answer 8

Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA.

Question 9

The DNA or RNA in viruses is surrounded by what?

Answer 9

a protein coat

Question 10

What is a protein coat called in viruses?

Answer 10

caspid

Question 11

Some viruses have a lipid membrane exterior to capsid called what?

Answer 11

envelope

Question 12

How to viruses use genes?

Answer 12

use it to direct activities of the host cell to bring about the synthesis and assembly of their components

Question 13

If some viruses can integrate their DNA into the genome of the host cell, what happens.

Answer 13

the transformation of the host cells

Question 14

Can viruses have both DNA and RNA?

Answer 14

No, it can only have DNA or RNA, not BOTH

Question 15

Viruses can be either enveloped or non-enveloped. if it is a non-enveloped virus, what are these called

Answer 15

naked-capsid viruses

Question 16

What are cytopathic effects in viruses?

Answer 16

the changes brought about it he hose cell by the viral infection

Question 17

What are examples of Cytopathic effects in viruses?

Answer 17

1. inclusions within the cell
2. uncontrolled division
3. multiple nucleated giant cells

Question 18

What are the smallest independently living cells?

Answer 18

bacteria

Question 19

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 19

Prokaryotic

Question 20

Why are bacteria called prokaryotic cells?

Answer 20

they dont contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

Question 21

What does the cell wall of bacteria contain?

Answer 21

peptidoglycan

Question 22

What are the characteristics used to classify bacteria?

Answer 22

1. Gram stain
2. Cell Shape
3. Cell Arrangements

OTHERS

1. surface proteins/carbohydrates
2. presence or absence of capsules
3. toxin production
4. metabolism
5. flagella/cilia
6. motility

Question 23

Which kind of bacteria contain a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall and retain the purple color?

Answer 23

Gram positive bacteria

Question 24

Which kind of bacteria contain a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall, and therefore lose purple color when exposed to the decolorizer and the safranin stains them pink?

Answer 24

gram negative bacteria

Question 25

What color will gram positive bacteria be?

Answer 25

purple

Question 26

What color will gram negative bacteria be?

Answer 26

pink

Question 27

Which decolorizer stains the bacteria pink?

Answer 27

Safranin

Question 28

What is crystal violet?

Answer 28

deep purple dye

Question 29

What does Iodine act as in gram stain?

Answer 29

Mordant

Question 30

What is the decolorizer in gram stain?

Answer 30

Methanol or Ethynol

Question 31

What is safarin in gram stain?

Answer 31

a pink or red stain

Question 32

What are the different types of Bacteria Cell shapes and describe them?

Answer 32

1. Bacilli- rod shaped 2. Cocci- spherical 3. Spirili- spiral-shaped

Question 33

What does Staphylococci mean?

Answer 33

in clusters

Question 34

What does streptococci mean?

Answer 34

in chains

Question 35

Are Fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 35

eukaryotic

Question 36

What kind of cell wall makes up Fungi?

Answer 36

chitin cell

Question 37

Fungi is present as either ______ or _____.

Answer 37

yeast or mold

Question 38

Is yeast unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 38

unicellular

Question 39

Is mold unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 39

multicellular

Question 40

Mold contains tubular extensions called what?

Answer 40

hyphae

Question 41

The hyphae form larger filaments called what?

Answer 41

mycelia

Question 42

What does it mean when it says some fungi are dimorphic?

Answer 42

it means they are able to take the form of yeast and mold

Question 43

What is the temperature that yeast usually forms?

Answer 43

37 degrees celsius

Question 44

What is the temperature at which mold forms?

Answer 44

25 degrees Celsius

Question 45

Is yeast unicellular at body temperature?

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

Mold-like fungi have what present in cooler temperatures?

Answer 46

hyphae and mycilia

Question 47

Are protozoa eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 47

eukaryotic

Question 48

Are protozoa unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 48

unicellular

Question 49

Are protozoa motile or immotile?

Answer 49

motile

Question 50

How are protozoa motile?

Answer 50

thru: 1. pseudopods 2. cilia 3. Flagella

Question 51

Is protozoa free living or parasitic?

Answer 51

they can be either free living, parasitic, or both

Question 52

Protozoa are free living in what kind of environments?

Answer 52

aqueous

Question 53

How to classify protozoa?

Answer 53

1. motility (cilia, flagella) 2. environment/infection site 3. life cycle

Question 54

Are animal parasites eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 54

eukaryotic

Question 55

Are animal parasites unicellular or multicellular

Answer 55

Multicellular

Question 56

What are parasitic worms called?

Answer 56

Helminths

Question 57

How to characterize parasites?

Answer 57

1. Morphology: a. organ systems b. eggs c. mouth like structures

Question 58

What is the rank order of group of organisms?

Answer 58

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, family, genus, species

Question 59

In the bacteria name "Staphylococcus aureus," what does the word "aureus" represent? A. Domain B. Genus C. Kingdom D. Species

Answer 59

D. Species Explanation: The rank of any species and genus description is basic, which means that it is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these two items. The species is the most specific, as in "aureus" in the given example.

Question 60

Which type of microorganism is associated with the rancidity of spoiled foods? A. Lipolytic Organism B. Proteolytic Organisms C. Saccharolytic Microbes D. toxigenic Microbes

Answer 60

A. Lipolytic Organism

Question 61

Which microorganism is responsible for the spoilage or rancidity of food?

Answer 61

Lipolytic organisms

Question 62

What do lipolytic organisms do

Answer 62

use lipase in breaking down of decomposing vegetable and animal fats in rancidity

Question 63

Which organism is responsible for degrading proteins and produce bitterness and putrefaction in foods?

Answer 63

Proteolytic bacteria

Question 64

Which microbes reside in the gut and utilize carbohydrate fermentation?

Answer 64

Saccharolytic microbes

Question 65

What produces and releases toxins?

Answer 65

toxigenic microbes

Question 66

Which microbes result from microbial growth within food that can cause food poisoning?

Answer 66

toxigenic microbes

Question 67

Microorganism(s) that have peptioglycan cell wall?

Answer 67

bacteria

Question 68

Microorganism(s) that dont have peptidoglycan cell wall?

Answer 68

protozoa, archaea, and fungi

Question 69

These are non-reproductive, dormant, and enzymatically insert forms of bacterial cells?

Answer 69

endospores

Question 70

Sporulating bacteria are gram (pos,neg) and belong to the Bacillus and Clostridium genus.

Answer 70

gram positive

Question 71

What are the names of gram negative bacteria?

Answer 71

1. Fibrobacteres 2. Verrucomicrobia 3. Cyanobacteria 4. Bacteroidetes 5. Chlamydiae, 6. Chlorobi 7. Spirochetes 8. Planctomycetes 9. Acidobacteria