Nasal cavity Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
name this part of the external nose
A
root
2
Q
name this part of the external nose
A
dorsum
3
Q
name this part of the external nose
A
tip
4
Q
name this part of the external nose
A
ala
5
Q
what is the structure ala?
A
wing of tissue that bounds each nostril
6
Q
name this part of the external nose
A
nostril
7
Q
name this part of the external nose
A
septum
8
Q
name this part of the external nose
A
philtrum of upper lip
9
Q
what is this structure?
A
nasal bone
10
Q
what is this structure?
A
nasal cartilages
11
Q
what local anaesthetic can’t you use near the cartilage? why?
A
adrenaline containing LA
As cartilage doesn’t have a direct blood supply it relies on diffusion from surrounding arteries so vasoconstrictor can stop blood reaching the cartilage so it dies
12
Q
name this structure
A
nasal bone
13
Q
name this structure
A
middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone
14
Q
name this structure
A
inferior nasal concha
bones in their own right
15
Q
name this structure
A
maxilla
16
Q
name this structure
A
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
17
Q
name this structure
A
vomer
18
Q
what are the external superior, inferior and lateral boundaries of the nasal cavity?
A
nasal bones
maxilla
19
Q
name this part of the ethmoid bone
A
crista galli
20
Q
name this part of the ethmoid bone
A
cribriform plate
21
Q
name this part of the ethmoid bone
A
orbital plate
22
Q
name this part of the ethmoid bone
A
ethmoid air cells
23
Q
name this part of the ethmoid bone
A
perpendicular plate
24
Q
name this part of the ethmoid bone
A
middle nasal concha
25
name this part of the ethmoid bone
superior nasal concha
26
what is the function of crista galli on ethmoid bone?
for attachment of dura mater - falx cerebri
27
what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
cribriform plate and crista galli of ethmoid bone
28
what forms the nasal septum?
the perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer
29
what is a le fort I fracture?
alveolar bone separated from the rest of the maxilla
30
what is a le fort II fracture?
maxilla and nasal bone separated from rest of skull
31
what is a le fort III fracture?
viscerocranium separated from neurocranium
32
le fort I and III level fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. what is bad about this?
danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal siuses into the anterior cranial fossa
33
what forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
superior and middle nasal concha of ethmoid
inferior concha
maxilla
perpendicular plate of palatine bone
34
name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
superior concha
35
name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
middle concha
36
name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
inferior concha
37
name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
maxilla
38
name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
perpendicular plate of palatine bone
39
what forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
the vomer
septal (hyaline) cartilage
40
name this structure of the medial wall of the nasal cavity
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
41
name this structure of the medial wall of the nasal cavity
septal (hyaline) cartilage
42
name this structure of the medial wall of the nasal cavity
the vomer
43
what is a septal haematoma?
blood blister in the septal (hyaline) cartilage
44
how is a septal haematoma treated? why?
incised and drained as it will prevent the diffusion of nutrients into the cartilage resulting in necrosis
45
what are the types of mucosa found in the nasal cavity?
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
respiratory epithelium
olfactory mucosa
46
name this type of epithelium
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
47
name this type of epithelium
respiratory epithelium
48
name this type of epithelium
olfactory mucosa
49
what is the function of keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
protection
50
what is the function of olfactory mucosa?
sense of smell
51
what nerve is CNI
olfactory nerve
52
which cranial nerve is for sense of smell?
CNI - olfactory
53
explain the pathway of special sensory fibres from nose to brain
First neurones from the olfactory mucosa
Through the cribriform plate
Synapse in the olfactory bulb
2nd neurones pass down olfactory tract
Ends in temporal lobe
54
name this nerve
CNI olfactory
55
name this part of CNI
olfactory bulb
56
name this part of CNI
olfactory tract
57
what is the special sensory nerve supply to the nasal cavity?
CNI - olfactory nere
58
what is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the nasal cavity?
CNV1 anterosuperiorly
CNV2 posteroinferiorly
59
the nasal cavity is considered to have a dual blood supply. why is this?
it is supplied by both the internal and external carotid arteries
60
what branch of the external carotid artery supply the nasal cavity?
facial
maxillary
61
what branch of the internal carotid artery supply the nasal cavity?
ophthalmic
62
what branch of the ophthalmic artery supplies the nasal cavity?
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
63
what branch of the maxillary artery supplies the nasal cavity?
sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
64
what branch of the facial artery supplies the nasal cavity?
lateral nasal branch of facial
or
septal branch of superior labial
65
what is kiesselbach's area?
an arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum.
its a common site for epistaxis (nose bleeds) as rich blood supply.
66
name this artery
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
67
name this artery
sphenopalatine
68
name this artery
greater palatine
69
name this artery
lateral nasal
70
name this artery
anterior and posterior ethmoidal
71
name this artery
sphenopalatine
72
name this artery
greater palatine
73
name this artery
septal
74
name this structure
superior concha
75
name this structure
middle concha
76
name this structure
inferior concha
77
what are the functions of the conchae?
warm and humidify air
protections from pathogens and particles by trapping them
78
name this space
sphenoethmoidal recess
79
name this space
superior meatus
80
name this space
middle meatus
81
name this space
inferior meatus
82
what are paranasal sinuses?
air filled spaces within bones surrounding the nasal region
83
name the paranasal sinuses
frontal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
ethmoid air cells
sphenoidal sinuses
84
what bone are the frontal sinuses located in?
frontal bone
85
what bone are the maxillary sinuses located in?
maxillae
86
what bone are the ethmoid air cells located in?
ethmoid
87
what bone are the sphenoidal sinuses located in?
sphenoid
88
name this sinus
frontal sinuses
89
name this sinus
ethmoid air cells
90
name this sinus
maxillary sinuses
91
name this sinus
sphenoidal sinus
92
paranasal sinuses are lined by what?
mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa
93
mucous drains into the nasal cavities via what?
ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities
94
where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into?
the sphenoethmoidal recess
95
where does the ethmoid air cells drain into?
middle and superior meatuses
96
where does the frontal sinus drain into?
middle meatus
97
where does the maxillary sinus drain into?
middle meatus
98
explain nasolacrimal drainage
lacrimal gland produces tears
wash over eye
drain into lacrimal sac
then nasolacrimal duct
which drains into inferior meatus of nasal cavity
99
what is sinusitis?
inflammation and infection of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses. through trapped infected mucous that cant drain due to cilia or ostia being interfered with
100
name three possible causes of sinusitis
infection
allergy
autoimmune issue
101
the painful sensation of sinusitis is provided by what nerve?
CNV1 and CNV2
102
maxillary sinusitis is often confused with what?
toothache
as the roots of the upper dentition sit very close to floor of maxillary sinus
103
which sinus is predisposed to inflammation? why?
maxillary sinus
ostia is located superiorly in the medial wall of the sinus
so mucous has to drain against gravity
