Inventions that increased food supply
Heavier plow- digs deeper and more nutrients for better food production
Horse collar- allowed them to use a horse to pull the plow 3X faster than an ox and they has more food
3 fields system- from the 2 field system: use 1/2, farm one and rest one. 3 fields: divide land in 3, plant 2 and rest one
What effect did the inventions that increased food production cause
More food= more people, healthy people, surplus for trade, destroys feudalism (serf with money and not enough work for serfs so they went to towns)
Guilds
An organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members
- Guild members got in trouble for cheating (because they had price pacts)
- Merchant guilds controlled trade, eliminated competition
- Controlled towns and trade routes
- Skilled workers
What happened because of guilds
The wealth accumulated helped them establish influence over the government and the economy of the towns and cities.
-Had dues and insurance and a kind of government
Commercial trade ans revolution: Fairs and trade
- Trade took place in towns and people took things to fairs to sekk
- Trade happens with money
- People traded for things that came from far away
- Merchants guild
Commercial trade ans revolution :Business and banking
-Merchants wanted to borrow money but the church forbade christians from lending money at interest, a sin called usury
Commercial trade ans revolution: Society changes
- Feudalism declines
- Serfs went to towns to be free
- Businesses
- Trade
- Commercial revolution changed things
- Increased trade changed things
Urban life Flourishes:Trade
- Trade increased as a result of increased towns and trade routes
- Many more people are leaving feudalism, especially the lower class
- Towns instead of feudalism
Urban life Flourishes: Towns
- Increased as a result of more trade ans movement from the breakdown of feudalism
- Towns were on a lords land and they were taxed so they fought or bought out-> mostly buy out and they would get town charter
Urban life Flourishes: Merchant Class
- Feudal lords took control of towns.
- Merchants called burghers demanded to be given special privledges to let them trade more freely they fought to get rights from thier lord and usually won by force
The Revival of Learning: Muslim Connection
- European scholars visited the muslim library in Spain
- Crusaders brought back superior Muslim technology
The Revival of Learning: Universities
- Shakespear
- Big towns had them
- V. Small
- Merchant/middle class
- Books were expensive
- Danté- wrote in Italian
- Latin
- Vernacular:described the language of the people (German, Spanish, French) local language began to be used in literature
- The students were sons of burghers and most of their goals was to get a job in government or church
The Revival of Learning:
- Christian scholars wondered if they could use Aristotle’s (pagan) lohical approach to truth, but still keep faith in the BIble
- Aquinas argued that the most basic religious truths can be proved by logical argument (no problem with faith and reason)
Early v. Late middle Ages- Farming
E- 2 fields system, less food, slow ox, light plow
L- 3 field, more food, horse, heavy plow, horse harness
Early v. Late middle Ages- Power of Church
E- More, greatest extent
L- Dead, falling
Early v. Late middle Ages- Feudalism
E- Alive, more, main system of government
L- More trade more town
Early v. Late middle Ages- Nationalism
E- None, no nationalism
L- Replaced feudalism, loyal to French King of FRANCE
Nationalism
- Patriotism
- Pride in your country
- Extreme form of patriotism-
- Loyalty to your country or group
- The final stamp of death for feudalism
Early v. Late middle Ages- Architecture
E- Romanesque, Defensive
L- Better, pretty, Gothic
Early v. Late middle Ages- Universities
E- Not much
L- Some
Early v. Late middle Ages- Knights
E-More
L- less
Early v. Late middle Ages- Ruler
E-Feudal lords
L- Merchants, Kings
Early v. Late middle Ages- Guilds
E- Not alive
L- Alive, broke away from feudalism
Why is 1066 important
England grew to become the most dominant country. The start of England’s power. The battle of Hastings triggered it
