Nationalities Flashcards
(22 cards)
Which countries were given lasting independence by Lenin in 1918
Poland, Finland, Baltics
When were Poland, Finland and the Baltics recognised as independent by the RSFSR
1920
Which country was given independence in 1918 and then retaken by 1921
Ukraine - retaken by the Red Army by 1921 - turned into constituent part of USSR in 1922 (Ukrainian SSR)
What countries/nationalities did Stalin retake/annex in 1939
Poland (half) and the Baltics
What did Nicholas II do in 1907
Changed Duma election rules - marginalised Ukrainians, Poles and Jews - banned Muslims completely
A2’s reforms in Finland
Diet 1863, Own constitution 1865, Foundations for Finnish Army 1878, Special position in Russian Empire
When was the Polish Uprising under A2
1863
When was Poland renamed the Vistula provinces
1866
A3 cultural limitations on the Jews
1400 different statutes regulated Jewish life
Countries Russified by A3 and N2
Ukraine, Poland, Baltics,
Stalin’s mass deportations - gulags and special settlements
500,000 from the Baltics to special settlements in Kazakhstan and Siberia, 390,000 Poles to Gulags post WW2,
Nearly 500,000 Chechens and Ingush (Caucuses) deported during WW2, 600,000 Hungarians sent to labour camps in WW2
Stalin repression of Ukraine
Revolts in 1929-30 against Collectivisation - Stalin started grain requisitioning in 1930 - triggered a famine 1932-3 - killed nearly 7 million
How did Stalin Russify Ukraine
Campaign against nationalist deviation, assault on the Ukrainian language and education
Liquified Catholic church in 1951
What did Stalin do to Muslim freedoms in Central/East Asia and the Causasus
Mosques shut down or turned into warehouses, Muslim clerics were arrested or executed and religious schools closed
How did Stalin take political control of E Europe and what countries
Rigged Czechoslovakian elections and then placed them under close control of Moscow, Soviet troops remained in Hungary after WW2. East Germany made sure of communist government
Where did Stalin fail to assert Soviet influence
Yugoslavia - achieved a communist government but Tito allowed to come to power who was anti-Stalinist
How did Stalin treat the Jews
Limitations placed on Jewish religion, school, societies and publications - especially post WW2 1948-53 they saw huge restrictions on culture and lives
What freedoms were Poland allowed after Golmulka made head of govt
could leave collectives, catholic church in schools, increased national identity and some Polish language
What did K do with Ukraine
more political autonomy over administration, judicial and economic matters
but continued russification with Ukrainian language banned in schools
What did K do with Jews
limited change - reintegrated them into society with less paranoid attacks but practice of Judaism was banned
How was repression under Stalin reversed by K
allowed for return of deported people to C Asia, Baltics etc.
And used diplomatic approach with Poland
How was repression continued by K
Hungary - 30,000 Russian troops sent in to stop Hungarian rising 1956 - 1000s killed including head of govt Nagy
