Nature and Effect of Obligations

Question 1

What is the definition of an obligation under Philippine law?

Answer 1

An obligation is a legal tie or bond whereby a person is bound to perform a certain act in favor of another.

Question 2

True or False: An obligation can only be to give something.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Obligations can arise from ________.

Answer 3

contracts, law, quasi-contracts, delicts, and acts or omissions.

Question 4

What are the three essential requisites of an obligation?

Answer 4

The active subject, the passive subject, and the object of the obligation.

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a source of obligations? A) Law B) Contract C) Will D) Delict

Answer 5

C) Will

Question 6

What is a ‘contract’ in the context of obligations?

Answer 6

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates mutual obligations enforceable by law.

Question 7

True or False: Obligations can be classified into civil and natural obligations.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is a civil obligation?

Answer 8

A civil obligation is one that is enforceable by law.

Question 9

What is a natural obligation?

Answer 9

A natural obligation is one that is not legally enforceable but is recognized by law.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The debtor in an obligation is the party who is ________.

Answer 10

bound to perform the obligation.

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an effect of an obligation? A) It can be transferred B) It can be ignored C) It can be expired D) It can be created

Answer 11

A) It can be transferred

Question 12

What is ‘tender of payment’?

Answer 12

Tender of payment is the offer of the debtor to pay the creditor the amount due.

Question 13

True or False: A debtor can unilaterally change the terms of an obligation.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is ‘dation in payment’?

Answer 14

Dation in payment is the delivery of a thing other than that which is due in order to extinguish an obligation.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The extinction of an obligation can occur through ________.

Answer 15

payment, loss of the object, mutual agreement, and compensation.

Question 16

What does ‘compensation’ mean in the context of obligations?

Answer 16

Compensation is the extinguishment of two debts that are due and demandable, where one debt is set off against the other.

Question 17

Multiple Choice: Which is NOT a way to extinguish an obligation? A) Payment B) Novation C) Breach D) Loss of the object

Answer 17

C) Breach

Question 18

What is ‘novation’?

Answer 18

Novation is the replacement of an old obligation with a new one, extinguishing the original obligation.

Question 19

True or False: A creditor has the right to demand performance of an obligation.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is ‘default’ in obligations?

Answer 20

Default occurs when a debtor fails to perform the obligation within the stipulated time.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: In case of default, the creditor may demand ________.

Answer 21

damages.

Question 22

What is meant by ‘liability for damages’ in the context of obligations?

Answer 22

Liability for damages means that a debtor may be required to compensate the creditor for losses incurred due to non-performance.

Question 23

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can be a consequence of non-performance? A) Damages B) Release from obligation C) Increased obligation D) None of the above

Answer 23

A) Damages

Question 24

What is ‘force majeure’?

Answer 24

Force majeure refers to unforeseeable circumstances that prevent someone from fulfilling a contract.

Question 25

True or False: A debtor is liable for damages caused by force majeure.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What is the general rule regarding the obligation to pay damages in Article 1179?

Answer 26

The general rule is that damages are to be paid in case of non-fulfillment of an obligation.

Question 27

True or False: Article 1180 states that obligations with a resolutory condition are void.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Fill in the blank: According to Article 1181, an obligation is __________ when the fulfillment of the obligation is subject to a suspensive condition.

Answer 28

conditional

Question 29

What does Article 1182 state about obligations with a suspensive condition?

Answer 29

Obligations with a suspensive condition cannot be enforced until the condition is fulfilled.

Question 30

According to Article 1183, what happens if the condition is impossible?

Answer 30

If the condition is impossible, the obligation is void.

Question 31

What is the effect of a resolutory condition as per Article 1184?

Answer 31

The obligation is valid until the resolutory condition occurs, at which point it ceases to exist.

Question 32

True or False: Article 1185 states that the condition is considered fulfilled when the debtor is in default.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What does Article 1186 explain about the effects of a condition?

Answer 33

The effects of the obligation are suspended until the condition occurs.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Under Article 1187, a condition that is __________ is considered a suspensive condition.

Answer 34

possible

Question 35

What does Article 1190 indicate about the rights of the creditor in the event of a breach of obligation?

Answer 35

The creditor has the right to demand specific performance or damages.

Question 36

According to Article 1191, what can the debtor do if the creditor does not fulfill their obligation?

Answer 36

The debtor may demand the performance of the obligation.

Question 37

True or False: Article 1192 allows for the possibility of legal compensation.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What does Article 1193 state regarding the law applicable to obligations?

Answer 38

The law applicable to obligations is determined by the parties' agreement or by law.

Question 39

What is the main subject of Article 1194?

Answer 39

Article 1194 deals with the effects of the obligation in case of fortuitous events.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: According to Article 1195, if the obligation is legal, it is governed by __________.

Answer 40

law

Question 41

What does Article 1196 say about the performance of obligations?

Answer 41

Obligations must be performed in good faith.

Question 42

True or False: Article 1197 states that a debtor can be released from their obligation by paying damages.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

According to Article 1198, what is the effect of a waiver of an obligation?

Answer 43

The waiver extinguishes the obligation.

Question 44

What does Article 1199 say about the extinction of obligations?

Answer 44

Obligations are extinguished by payment, novation, mutual consent, and other causes provided by law.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: Under Article 1200, obligations may also be extinguished by __________.

Answer 45

remission

Question 46

According to Article 1201, what happens to obligations that are not fulfilled?

Answer 46

They may be enforced through legal means.

Question 47

What does Article 1202 state regarding the liability of debtors?

Answer 47

Debtors are liable for damages if they fail to perform their obligations.

Question 48

True or False: Article 1203 allows for a debtor to be freed from liability if they can prove fortuitous event.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What is the primary focus of Article 1204?

Answer 49

Article 1204 focuses on the performance of obligations in terms of time and place.

Question 50

What does Article 1205 determine about the place of performance?

Answer 50

The place of performance is determined by the agreement of the parties or by law.