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Anatomy HFF > Neck 9/27/16 > Flashcards

Neck 9/27/16 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bones of the neck?

A
  • Vertebrae

- Hyoid Bone

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2
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

A

Depress Mandible
Elevate Ribs
Depress Larynx

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3
Q

What is the outermost layer of the neck?

A

Skin

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4
Q

What is the fascial layer below the skin of the neck?

A

Superficial cervical fascia

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5
Q

What muscle do you find in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma muscle

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6
Q

What fascial layer do you find below the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Deep fascia

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7
Q

How many fascial layers are within the deep fascia?

A

4

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8
Q

What are the four deep fascial layers?

A
  • Pretracheal fascia
  • Prevertebral fascia
  • Carotid Sheath
  • Investing Fascia
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9
Q

What is the first deep layer fascia?

A

Investing fascia

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10
Q

What two muscles do you find in the investing fascia?

A
  • Trapezius

- Sternocleidomastoid

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11
Q

What is a second layer near the front of the neck that you find below the investing fascia?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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12
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius and SCM muscles?

A

The spinal accessory nerve

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13
Q

What do find in the pretracheal fascia?

A
  • Infrahyoid muscles
  • Thyroid gland
  • Buccopharyngeal fascia
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14
Q

What are the three components of the pretracheal fascia?

A
  • Muscular
  • Visceral
  • Buccopharyngeal
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15
Q

What deep fascial layer do you find behind the pretracheal fascia?

A

Prevertebral fascia

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16
Q

What do you find in the prevertebral fascia?

A
  • Deep cervical muscles (Splenius/semispinalus)
  • Levator Scapulae muscle
  • Scalene muscle
  • Longus Coli muscle
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17
Q

What do you find in the anterior direction of the prevertebral fascia?

A

Alar fascia

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18
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk found in?

A

The prevertebral fascia between the alar fascia and the prevertebral fasica

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19
Q

What are the two danger spaces?

A
  • Retropharygeal space

- Alar Space

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20
Q

What is the deep fascial layer that contains that IJV, Carotid artery, and the vagus nerve?

A

Carotid Sheath

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21
Q

Where does the cervical plexus come from?

A

Ventral rami of C1-C4/C5

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22
Q

What three general things does the cervical plexus innervate?

A
  • Cutaneous regions
  • Muscular regions
  • The diaphragm
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23
Q

What are the four cutaneous nerves from the cervical plexus?

A
  • Lesser Occipital nerve
  • Great Auricular nerve
  • Transverse cervical nerve
  • supraclavicular nerve
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24
Q

Where does the less occipital nerve come from?

A

C2

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25
Q

Where does the great auricular nerve come from?

A

C2 C3

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26
Q

Where does the transverse cervical nerve come from?

A

C2 C3

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27
Q

Where does the supraclavicular nerve come from?

A

C3 C4

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28
Q

Where does the Internal carotid artery serve?

A

Brain

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29
Q

What are two distinct features on the internal carotid artery?

A
  • Carotid sinus

- Carotid body

30
Q

What is unique about the carotid sinus?

A

It contains baroreceptors to sense pressure

31
Q

Where do you find the carotid body?

A

On the inside side of the carotid sinus

32
Q

What is unique about the carotid body?

A

It contains chemoreceptors

33
Q

What nerve sends the information received by the carotid body?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

34
Q

How many branches does the external carotid artery have coming off of it?

A

8

35
Q

What is the first branch off of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery

36
Q

What is the second branch off of the external carotid artery?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

37
Q

What is the third branch off of the external carotid artery?

A

Lingual

38
Q

What is the fourth branch off of the external carotid artery?

A

Facial

39
Q

What is the fifth branch off of the external carotid artery?

A

Occipital

40
Q

What is the sixth branch off of the external carotid artery?

A

Posterior Auricular

41
Q

What are the last two branches (terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • Maxillary

- Superficial Temporal

42
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain?

A

Brain and Face

43
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A

Face

44
Q

Which vein allows blood to anastamoses with the external or internal jugular vein?

A

Retromandibular vein

45
Q

Which vein would you drain into if both the retromandibular blocked the internal and external jugular veins?

A

Pterygoid plexus into the cavernous sinus

46
Q

What muscles elevate the hyoid bone and larynx but can also help depress the mandible?

A

Suprahyoid muscle

47
Q

Which belly of the digastric muscles are innervated by cranial nerve V branch 3?

A

Anterior belly

48
Q

Which belly of the digastric muscles are innervated by cranial nerve VII?

A

Posterior belly

49
Q

What innervates the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Facial nerve CN VII

50
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

A

CN V branch 3

51
Q

What is the function of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Elevate base of tongue and floor of mouth

52
Q

What is the function of the longus coli muscle?

A

Flex the neck

53
Q

Which part of the scalene muscles attach to the 1st transverse process?

A

Anterior

Middle

54
Q

Which part of the scalene muscles attach to the 2nd transverse process?

A

Posterior

55
Q

How many muscles are in the infrahyoid muscles?

A

5

56
Q

What are the 5 infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid (superior head)
  • Omohyoid (Inferior head)
  • Thryohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
57
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

SCM

Trapezius

58
Q

What fascial layer makes up the roof of the posterior triangle?

A

-Deep investing fascia

59
Q

What fascial layer makes up the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Prevertebral fascia

60
Q

What do you find in the posterior triangle?

A
  • Anterior scalene
  • Cervical plexus
  • External jugular vein
  • Brachial plexus
  • Middle scalene
  • Splenius capitis
  • Levator Scauplae
  • Thryocerviacl trunk
61
Q

What are the four triangles of the anterior triangle?

A
  • Muscular
  • Submental
  • Submandibular
  • Carotid
62
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A
  • midline
  • superior belly omohyoid
  • SCM
63
Q

What do you find in the muscular triangle?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

64
Q

What are the borders of the submental triangle?

A
  • Ant Digastric
  • Ant Digastric
  • Hyoid bone
65
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

Ant Digastric

  • Post digastric
  • Mandible
66
Q

What branches off of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral

Thyrocervical trunk

67
Q

What branches off of the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  • Inferioir thyroid
  • Ascending cervical (really branches off of the inferior thyroid)
  • Transverse cervical
  • Suprascapular
68
Q

What do you find in the submandibular triangle?

A
  • Submandibular gland and lymph nodes
  • Lingual and facial arteries
  • Hypoglossal nerve
69
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior omohyoid

  • Posterior digastric
  • SCM
70
Q

What do you find in the carotid triangle?

A

Common, external, and internal carotid artery

  • Int. Jug vein
  • CN X, XI, XII
  • some cervical plexus

Anatomy HFF (12 decks)

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