Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Target temperature for newborns

A

36.5-37.5

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2
Q

Optimal method for maintaining temperature in a stable neonate

A

Skin to skin contact.

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3
Q

Low brith weight
Very low birthweight
Extremely low birthweight

A
  1. <2,500g
  2. <1500g
  3. <1000g
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4
Q
  1. Late preterm
  2. Very preterm birth
  3. Extremely preterm birth
A
  1. > 34 / <37
  2. <32
  3. <28
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5
Q

IUGR definition

A

Birthweight <3%

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6
Q

Better prognosis? Symmetric or asymmetric IUGR.

A

Asymmetric.

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7
Q

Large for gestational age

A

> 90th percentile

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8
Q
A
P
G
A
R
A
Activity 
Pulse
Grimace
Appearance
Respiration
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9
Q

The most important component of the APGAR score?

A

Respiration

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10
Q

For neonatal BLS what is the priority of the 3 things?

A

ABC

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11
Q

Function of the APGAR score?

A

Assess the need for resuscitation.

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12
Q

Cut off for resuscitation?

A

<8

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13
Q

6 components of the NBS?

A
  1. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  2. Congential hypothyroidism
  3. Galactosemia
  4. Phenylketonuria
  5. G6PD deficiency
  6. MSUD
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14
Q

First sign of Congential hypothyroidism?

A

Prolonged jaundice

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15
Q

Most common type of CAH?

A

21 hydroxylase deficiency.

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16
Q

What is the newborng screening RA?

A

RA# 9288

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17
Q

Physiologic jaundice how long?

A

2 weeks

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18
Q

Symptoms of CAH with 21hydroxylase deficiency?

Labs?

A
  1. Vomiting
  2. Failure to thrive
  3. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia
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19
Q

in CAH with 21 he. There is elevation of?

A

17 hydroxyprogesterone

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20
Q

Galactosemia.

Enzyme defect?

Absolute contraindication to?

A
  1. Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency.

2. Breastfeeding/

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21
Q

Drugs causing G6PD?

A
  1. Sulfonamides
  2. Nalidixic acid
  3. Nitrofurantoin
  4. Chloramphenicol
  5. Antimalarials
  6. Vitamin k analogue
  7. ASA
  8. Benzene
  9. Napthalene
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22
Q

PKU enzyme defect

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase.

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23
Q

Most common manifestation of PKU?

A

Developmental delay.

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24
Q

MSUD enzyme deficiency.

What AA are built up?

A

Branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase complex.

Valine, leucine, isoleucine.

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25
Q

Resolution of caput succadeneum?

A

Resolves 48-72 hours after birth

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26
Q

Cephalhematoma presentation?

A

Enlarges after birth, resolution after 2-3 weeks. If patient does not deteriorate.

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27
Q

Cephalhematoma vs subgaleal hemorrhage?

A
  1. Bleeding subgaleal: racoon eyes, nape
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28
Q

Most common type of Esophageal atresia, describe

A

Type c proximal blind pouch + distal TEF.

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29
Q

Bochdalek vs morgagni

A

Bochdalek : posterior and left

Morgagni: anterior central.

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30
Q

OEIS complex?

A

Omphalocoele
extrophy of bladder
Imperforate anus
Spina bifida.

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31
Q

VACTERL

A

Vertebral
Cardiac
Tracheoesophageal
Renal limbs

At least 3

32
Q

Double bubble sign

Donut ring

A

Duodenal atresia

Intussusception

33
Q

Surfactant in Fetal lung present at _____ weeks

A

20

34
Q

Surfactant appears in amniotnic fluid between ________ weeks

A

28-32 weeks

35
Q

Mature levels of surfactant present after _____ weeks?

A

35 weeks

36
Q

Kernicterus is deposition of bilirubin in?

A

Basal ganglia, indirect bilirubin

37
Q

PROM how many hours before risk of chorioamnionitis?

A

18

38
Q

Rubelle syndrome cardiac anomaly

A

PDA

39
Q

Hydrocele fluid where?

When resolve usually?

A

Tunica vaginalis

12months.

40
Q

Scrotal hernia is usually what type?

A

Indirect.

41
Q

Undescended testis will descend by?

A

3 months.

42
Q

In testis are undescended by ______, it will remain undescended.

A

4 months.

43
Q

Whey to casiein ratio of breastmilk?

A

3:2

44
Q

Complementary feeding

At 6 months

At 8 months

At 10

At 12

A

6 mash

8 finger

10 chop

12 table

45
Q

Composition of fore milk?

A

Lactose and protein.

46
Q

Composition of hind milk

A

High fat.

47
Q

Colostrum when?

A

0-7 days of life.

48
Q

Mature milk when?

A

10-14 day of life.

49
Q

Formula has more _____ (x3) than breastmilk?

A

KID

vit K, iron, vit D but are still bioavailable.

50
Q

Gold standard of the diagnosis of GERD

A

Esophageal pH probe.

51
Q

Contraindications to breastfeeding.

  1. Absolute
A

Galactosemia.

52
Q

Can breastfeed when?

  1. PTB
  2. Breast cancer
  3. HIV
A
  1. 2 weeks after
  2. If on chemo no
  3. If needed.
53
Q

Rachitic rosary

Harissons groove.

Windswept deformity.

Seen in what disease what deficiency.

A
  1. Wdening of costochondral junction
  2. Depression lower ant chest sec to pulling of ribs by diaphragm
  3. Valgus of one leg varus of the other
  4. Rickets vit d
54
Q

Vit E def manifestation

A

RBC hemolysis

55
Q

Casal necklace is a manifestation of which deficiency?

A

B3 niacin.

56
Q

Scorbutic rosary seen in what deficiency?

A

Vit C deficiency, scurvy

Sharper angulation than rachitic rosary

57
Q

Treatment of scurvy.

A

3-4 oz of orange or tomato juice

VitC 200-300 mg

58
Q

B1

A

Thiamine

59
Q

B2

A

Riboflavin

60
Q

B3

A

Niacin

61
Q

B5

A

Panthotenic acid

62
Q

B6

A

Pyridoxine

63
Q

B7

A

Biotin

64
Q

B9

A

Folic acid

65
Q

B12

A

Cobalamin

66
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri seen in what vitamin disorder

A

Hypervitaminosis A

67
Q

Malnourished children seriously compromised function is?

A

Antibody production. (They are made of protein)

68
Q

Weight or height is more affected in chronic problems?

A

Height

69
Q

Acute malnutrition, which WHO chart used?

A

Weight for height

70
Q

WHO growth chart with limited clinical use?

A

Weight for age.

71
Q

MUAC

Wasting

Severe wasting

A
  1. 11.5-12.5

2. <11.5

72
Q

Wasting is determined by?

A
  1. Weight for heigh
73
Q

Refeeding syndome pathophysiology.

A

Excessive carbs –> insulin surge –> hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnisemia

Hallmark is hypophosphatemia

74
Q

Chorioretinis + periventricular calcifications ?

Chorioretinis + intracerebral calcifications?

A
  1. CMV

2. Toxoplasmosis

75
Q

Chronic diarrhea + stomatitis + glossitis + irritability + superinfection

A

Zinc deficiency

76
Q

Alopecia thrombocytopenia failure to thrive

A

Essential FA deficiency

77
Q

Alopecia with neurological symptoms

A

Biotin deficiency.