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MHD > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Parenchyma

tumor component

A

Neoplastic cells
Determine biologic behavior
Source for the name of the neoplasm
Neuroectodermal, epithelial, or mesencymal

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2
Q

Stroma

tumor component

A

Connective tissue, blood vessels, immune system cells

Support growth and spread of neoplasm

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3
Q

Fibrous Tissue

A

Mesenchyme
Benign: Fibroma
Malignant: Fibrosarcoma

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4
Q

Chondroid (cartilage)

A

Mesenchyme
Benign: Chondroma
Malignant: Chondrosarcoma

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5
Q

Osteoid (bone)

A

Mesenchyme
Benign: Osteoma
Malignant: Osteosarcoma

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6
Q

Blood vessels

A

Mesenchyme
Benign: Hemangioma
Malignant: Angiosarcoma

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7
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Mesenchyme
Benign: Leiomyoma
Malignant: Leimyosarcoma

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8
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Mesenchyme
Benign: Rhabdomyoma
Malignant: Rhadbomyosarcoma

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9
Q

Lymphoid tissue

A

Mesenchyme

Malignant: Lymphoma

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10
Q

Hematopoietic cells

A

Mesenchyme

Malignant: Leukemia

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11
Q

Stratified squamous cells

A

Epithelium
Benign: Squamous papilloma
Malignant: Squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q

Epithelial lining of gland of ducts

A

Epithelium
Benign: Adenoma
Malignant: Adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

Dysplasia

A 
Disordered growth
Primarily in epithelium
Mutations lead to cytologic and architectural changes in epithelial cells
DOES NOT PENETRATASE BASEMENT MEMBRANE
May regress (ie smoking)
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14
Q

RAS

A 
Most commonly mutated proto-oncogene
Bind GTP (active) and GDP (inactive)
Active form stimulates downstream regulators of proliferation (cyclases)
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15
Q

RB

A

Governor of the cell cycle
1st tumor suppressor gene discovered
When it is inhibited it cannot prevent E2F from moving the cells from G1 to S phase

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16
Q

p53

A

Guardian of the genome
Most commonly mutated gene in cancers
Causes quiescence, senescence, apoptosis

17
Q

Extrinsic Death-Receptor Pathway

A

Fas- Death receptor
Caspases 8-9 initiators
Other caspases are executioners
Responsible for elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes

18
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Symptom complexes that cannot be explained by local or distant spread
Hormone elaboration not indigenous to tumor parenchyma

19
Q

Grading

A

Based on cytologic differentiation of the tumor cells, to estimate the aggressiveness of the tumor

  • Degree of cellular differentiation
  • Degree of cellular pleomorphism
  • Degree of loss of normal architecture
  • Mitotic index
20
Q

Staging

A

Size of tumor
Extend of spread to lymph nodes
Presence of absence of metastasis

This is used more than grading

MHD (34 decks)

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