Neoplasia CIS/Tumor Staging

Question 1

FISH

Answer 1

used to dx malignancy
(flourescens in situ hybridization)
can see if things have translocated on a karyotype

Question 2

punch biopsy

Answer 2

remove a small section of skin

poory margins

Question 3

excision biopsy

Answer 3

remove area, good margins

Question 4

incisional biopsy

Answer 4

remove part of the tumor, poor margins

Question 5

shave biopsy

Answer 5

cut off top, shave off

poor margins

Question 6

needl core biopsy

Answer 6

slender core of tissue removed with biopsy needle

Question 7

bone marrow biopsy

Answer 7

dx for leukemia and lymphoma

Question 8

aspiration biopsy cytology

Answer 8

microscopic study of cells obtained from superficial or internal lesions by suction via fine needle

Question 9

TNM staging

Answer 9

T = tumor
N = lymph node involvement
M = metastases

Question 10

Staging

Answer 10

based on size of primary lesion, extent of spread to lymph nodes, and presence of metastases (TNM)

Question 11

Grading

Answer 11

based on the degree of differentiation of the tumor cells and number of mitoses and architectural features

Question 12

little tiny cancer with no invasion

Answer 12

Stage 1

Question 13

metastases to brain, liver, bone, lungs (distant metastases)

Answer 13

Stage 4

Question 14

CA-125

Answer 14

ovarian cancer

Question 15

HCG

Answer 15

trophoblastic tumors

testicular tumors

Question 16

Calcitonin

Answer 16

medullary carcinoma of thyroid

Question 17

Catecholamine and metabolites

Answer 17

pheochromocytoma

Question 18

ectopic hormones

Answer 18

paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 19

alpha fetoprotein

Answer 19

liver cell cancer

Question 20

carcinoembryonic antigen

Answer 20

carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, lung, stomach, heart

Question 21

PSA

Answer 21

prostate CA

Question 22

neuron specific enolase

Answer 22

small cell cancer of lung,neuroblastoma

Question 23

immunoglobulins

Answer 23

multiple myeloma and other gammopathies

Question 24

pt with cafe au lait spots, multiple neurofibromas, NF1 gene mutation

Answer 24

Plexiform neurofibroma