Nephrotic Syndromes/non-proliferative glomerulonephritis Flashcards
What is non-proliferative glomerulonephritis?
When the glomeruli don’t have an excess of cells, they can either look normal or can have scarring.
What are diseases that present as nephrotic syndromes?
1 - minimal change disease
2 - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
3 - membranous nephropathy
What is common in any nephrotic disease?
- oedema
- hypoalbuminia = <3.5g/dL
- proteinuria = >3.5g/24hrs (frothy urine)
- hyperlipidaemia
- hypercoagulable
- immune compromised
What are common complications of nephrotic syndromes?
- Thrombosis
- Infection
- high cholesterol
- hypertension
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal change disease
How is minimal change disease treated?
Steroids - only one that responds to steroids fully.
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Which non-proliferative glomerulonephritis has selective proteinuria?
Minimal change disease - it only lets albumin through.
what is the cause of minimal change disease?
Idiopathic - often triggered by vaccines, immune response, or infection.
Caused by T cells in the blood
What are the 3 main investigations used in glomerulonephritis?
Light microscopy
electron microscopy
immunofluoresence
What is the investigation findings of minimal change disease?
Light microscopy - normal glomerulus
Electron microscopy - effacement of foot processes of podocytes.
How is minimal change disease treated?
With steroids
What is the relapse rate of minimal change disease?
2/3rds will relapse.
What is the risk factors for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?
African-American, heroin, HIV, congenital malformations.
What happens to the cells in FSGS?
there’s effacement of the podocytes and hyaline deposits - leading to sclerosis and scar tissue.
