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Flashcards in Nerves and Dermatomes Deck (32)
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1
Q

Axillary Nerve

A

C5-C6
Fractured neck of humerus; anterior dislocation
Presents: Flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction at shoulder, loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm

2
Q

Musculocutaneous

A

C5-C7
Upper trunk compression
Presents: loss of forearm flexion and supination, loss of sensation over lateral forearm

3
Q

Radial nerve

A

C5-T1
Midshaft fracture of humerus, compression of axilla, due to crutches or sleeping with arm over chair
Presents: Wrist drop, loss of elbow, wrist and finger extension
Decreased griop strength
Loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand

4
Q

Median nerve

A

C8-T1
Fracture of medial epicondyle, fractured hook of hamate, from fall on outstretched hand
Ulner claw on digit extension
Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion
Loss of wrist flexion, flexion of medial fingers, abduction and adduction of fingers, actions of 2 lumbrical muscles
Loss of sensation over medial 1.5 fingers

5
Q

Recurrent medial nerve

A

C5-T1
Superficial laceration of palm
Presents: Ape hand
loss of thenar muscle group, opposition, abduction, and flexion of thumb

6
Q

Illiohypogastric

A

T12-L1
Sensory - suprapubic region
Motor - transversus abdominis and internal oblique
Injury: Abdominal injury
Presents: Burning or tingling pain in surgical incision site radiating to inguinal and suprapubic region

7
Q

Genitofemoral nerve

A

L1-L2
Sensory: Scrotum/labia majora, medial thigh
Motor: Cremaster
Injury: Laproscopic surgery
Presents: Decreased anterior thigh sensation beneath inguinal ligament and absent cremaster reflex

8
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous

A

L2-L3
Sensory: anterior and lateral thigh
Injury: Tight clothing, obesity, pregnancy
Presents: Decreased anterior and lateral thigh sensation

9
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2-L4
Sensory: medial thigh
Motor: Obturater externus, adductor longus, adducter brevis, gracilis, pectineus, adductor magnus
Injury: Pelvic surgery
Presentation: decreased thign sensation medially and decreassed adduction

10
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-L4
Sensory: anterior thigh, medial leg
Motor: quadriceps, iliopsoas, pectineus, sartorius
Injury: Pelvic fracture
Presentation: Decreased thigh flexion and lex extension

11
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3
Sensory: posterior thigh
Motor: Semitendinous, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, adductor magnus
Injury: Herniated disc
Presentation: Splits into common peroneal and tibialnerves

12
Q

Common peroneal nerve

A

L4-S2
Sensory: Dorsum of foot
Motor: Biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, extensor muscles of foot
Injury: Trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg, fibular neck fracture
Presents: PED = Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes; if injured, foot droPED
Loss o sensation on dorsum of foot

13
Q

Tibial nerve

A

L4-S3
Sensory: sole of foot
Motor: Triceps surae, plantaris, popliteus, flexor muscles of foot
Injury: Knee trauma, baker cyst, tarsal tunnel syndrome
Presentation: TIP tibial inverts and plantarflexes; if injured, cant stand on TIPtoes

14
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

L4-S1
Motor: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae
Injury: Iatrogenic injury during intramuscular injection to upper medial gluteal region
Presentation: Pelvis tilts

15
Q

Inferior gluteal

A

L5-S2
Motor: Gluteus maximus
Injury: Posterior hip dislocation
Presents: difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position

16
Q

Pudendal

A

S2-S4
Sensory: Perineum
Motor: External urethral and anal sphincters
Injury: Stretch ninjury during childbirth
Presents: decreased perineal sensation and genital area sensation. Can cause fecal incontinence
Can be blockd with local anesthtic using ischial spine as landmark

17
Q

Oculomotor nerve motor function

A

All eye muscles except Lateral rectus, superior oblique

18
Q

Eye muscle innervation

A

Lateral rectus: VI

Superior oblique: IV

19
Q

Cranial nerve IV damage

A

Eyes move upward, particularly with contralateral gaze

20
Q

CN VI damage

A

Medially directed eye that cannot abduct

21
Q

Cranial nerves in the carvernous sinus?

A

3,4,5(1), 5(2), 6

22
Q

Jaw jerk reflex

A

V3 sensory - muscle spindle from masseter to V3 motor - masseter

23
Q

Corneal reflex

A

V1 opthalamic (nasociliary branch) to VII temporal branch: orbicularis oculi

24
Q

Lacrimation reflex

A

V1 (loss of reflex does not preclude emotional tears) to VII

25
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Taste and sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue, lacrimation, salivation, monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors, and elevation of pharynx/larynx

26
Q

Facial nerve

A

Facial movement, taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, lacrimation, salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands), eyelid closing (orbicularis oculi), auditory volume modulation

27
Q

Vagus

A

Taste from supraglottic region, swallowing, soft palate elevation, midline uvula, talking, cough reflex, parasympathetics to thoracoabdominal viscera, monitoring aortic arch chemo and baroreceptors

28
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Increased CSF volume leading to ventricular dilation and increased ICP

29
Q

Communicating hydrocephalus

A

Decreased absorption by arachnoid granulations leading to increased ICP, papilledema and herniation

30
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

“Wet, wobbly, and wacky”
Urinary incontinence, ataxia, and cognitive dysfunction
Affects elderly; idiopathic; CSF pressure elevated only episodically; does not result in increased subarachnoid space volume

31
Q

Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

A

Blockage of CSF circulation within ventricular system - blockage of aqueduct of Sylvius; colloid cyst blocking foramen of Monro; tumor

32
Q

Ex vacuo ventriculomegaly

A

Appearance of increased CSF on imaging, but is actually due to decreased brain tissue and neuronal atrophy. ICP is normal, triad is not seen