Nervous System

Question 1

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Regulation, integration, sensory reception, consciousness, and behaviors necessary for survival (thirst, hunger, emotion)

Question 2

The brain and spinal cord make up what section of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Central nervous system

Question 3

What types of neurons make up the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

Motor and sensory

Question 4

What nervous systems (in the PNS) have motor neurons?

Answer 4

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 5

What is sympathetic division?

Answer 5

Fight or flight responses

Question 6

What is parasympathetic division?

Answer 6

Rest or digest responses

Question 7

Where in the vertebral column does the spinal cord end?

Answer 7

L1

Question 8

What are the layers of meninges called?

Answer 8

Dura mater (outer), arachnoid (middle), and pia mater (inner, adheres to brain and spinal cord, and makes up the blood brain barrier)

Question 9

_________ is a clear fluid derived from blood that acts like a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 9

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

I hate this unit

Answer 10

Kill me now

Question 11

_________ (sensory) fibers enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root, with cell bodies clustered in dorsal root ganglion

Answer 11

Afferent

Question 12

What are efferent fibers?

Answer 12

Motor fibers that leave the spinal cord through the ventral root

Question 13

T/F afferent fibers carry information from sensors to the central nervous system

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F Efferent fibers transmit instructions from the CNS to effector organs

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is a ganglion?

Answer 15

A clump of neuronal cell bodies OUTSIDE of the CNS (opposite of nucleus)

Question 16

What is the purpose of a dendrite?

Answer 16

A dendrite receives information from other neurons through synapses (NOTE: kinda look like hair lol)

Question 17

What part of the neuron transmits nerve impulses away from the cell?

Answer 17

Axon

Question 18

What is a myelin sheath?

Answer 18

Increases speed while acting like rubber around a copper wire

Question 19

What part of a neuron is always unmyelinated?

Answer 19

Dendrite (they’re just silly lil dudes)

Question 20

Answer 20

I strive to shock anyone who may stumble upon this

Question 21

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

Answer 21

-70mV

Question 22

What do glial cells do?

Answer 22

The connective tissue of the nervous system

Question 23

“It’s kool to be K+ resting in the cell”- the amoeba sisters

Answer 23

the axon is negative compared to its surroundings until an action potential

Question 24

What is the general order of an action potential?

Answer 24

Resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 25

T/F You can have big or small action potential (an action always happens, no matter how big the stimulus)

Answer 25

False, Action potentials operate on an all or nothing basis

Question 26

T/F A chemical synapse is where the dendrite of one neuron and axon terminal of another ALMOST meet.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Afferent nerve fibers enter the spinal cord via the ___________________________ root and the efferent nerve fibers leave via the______________________________ root.

Answer 27

dorsal; ventral

Question 28

T/F The parasympathetic stimulation increases intestinal muscle (smooth muscle) and secretory activity.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

A myelin sheath on a peripheral nerve fiber:

Answer 29

Increases the velocity of impulse conduction

Question 30

T/F Sympathetic (fight or flight) stimulation to the bronchi (air passages) of the lungs would result in a decrease of their diameter.

Answer 30

False. It would result in an increase of diameter

Question 31

T/F A stimulus increases the permeability of the neuron for the sodium ion.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Repolarization of a nerve fiber:

Answer 32

is accomplished by diffusion of K+ from the inside of the fiber to the outside

Question 33

A stimulus applied to a neuron causes depolarization of the membrane. This means the membrane:

Answer 33

becomes more positive on the inside and negative on the outside because Na+ flows inward

Question 34

What composes the central nervous system?

Answer 34

The brain and spinal cord

Question 35

T/F The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movement

Answer 35

False. The autonomic nervous system is involuntary

Question 36

Which layer of the meninges is connected to the CNS?

Answer 36

Pia mater

Question 37

Ascending tracts that carry information to the CNS are an _________ pathway

Answer 37

Afferent

Question 38

T/F Information flows through a neuron starting at the dendrites, then through the cell body, and ultimately leaves the neuron through the axon

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What type of channels are sodium and potassium channels?

Answer 39

Voltage gated

Question 40

I don’t understand this send help

Answer 40

Im gonna murder myself