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Pilates Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 branches of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Made up of brain & spinal cord - constantly receiving messages about changes in internal & external environment - collecting information & deciding on a response
Brain interprets messages - spinal cord transfers them

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3
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory input - monitoring changes & events inside & outside body
Interpretation - analysing data
Motor output - response to data

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4
Q

What is the central nervous system? (CNS)

A

Made up of brain (interprets message) & spinal cord (transfers messages) - constantly receiving messages about changes in internal/external environment - interprets information & decides on response

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5
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system? (PNS)

A

Made up of nerves that carry sensory information from body to CNS (afferent nerves) & motor nerves that carry response info out to muscles & organs (efferent nerves)

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6
Q

What is the sequence of nervous system activity?
(ACE)

A

Afferent - incoming info about changes
CNS - interpretation & decision making
Efferent - outgoing info about response

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7
Q

What are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system? (PNS)

A

Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

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8
Q

What is the somatic nervous system? (Part of PNS)

A

Branch of PNS concerned with changes in external environment - regulates voluntary body movement through control of skeletal muscles. Senses movement, touch,pain, skin temp - conscious control

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9
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system? (PNS)

A

Branch of PNS concerned with changes in internal environment. Senses hormonal status, functioning of internal organs, controls cardiac & smooth muscles, endocrine glands that secrete hormones. Not under conscious control

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of efferent nerves in the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

Detect changes in the internal & external environment

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12
Q

Name 3 ways exercise can affect the nervous system?

A

Better muscular coordination to improve application of force
Development of new connections
Improved spatial awareness due to improved neural connections

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13
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Throughout the body - detect changes in levels of chemicals (carbon dioxide - respiration & calcium for muscle function)

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14
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

In all tissues - detect temperature changes

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15
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

In the Walls of arteries - detect changes in blood pressure

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16
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

Found in muscles & tendons - detect changes in body position

17
Q

What are motor nerves / neurons?

A

Efferent nerves responsible for creating movement by stimulating muscles to contract - under control of somatic nervous system

18
Q

What are the 2 propeioceptors that detect changes in the muscles & tendons?

A

Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs

19
Q

What are muscle spindles?

A

Found deep in centre of muscle & detect excessive lengthening

20
Q

What are Golgi tendon organs?

A

Found in tendons - detect excessive tension/contraction

21
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition?

A

When one muscle or group of muscles contracts the opposing muscle or groups relaxes

22
Q

What are the 2 types of efferent nerves under control of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

23
Q

What are sympathetic nerves?

A

Increase activity & play a vita role in fight or flight mechanism - release a chemical (neurotransmitter) from nerve ending to bring about associated response

24
Q

What are parasympathetic nerves?

A

Decrease activity & are more active during relaxation. Release a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) has the opposite effect of adrenaline & noradrenaline

25
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Electrically excitable cell that processes & transmits information by electrical & chemical signalling

26
Q

What is an afferent (sensory) neuron?

A

Specialised cells - carry sensory stimuli (pain, pressure, light etc) from external environment to CNS.
Long dendrites & short axon

27
Q

What is an efferent (motor) neuron?

A

Carry motor commands from the CNS to target cells (muscles, glands etc)

Pilates Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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