Nervous System

Question 1

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Sensory input, integration, motor output

Question 2

Also known as gathering information, it is to monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body.

Answer 2

Sensory input

Question 3

It is to process and interpret sensory input and decide whether action is needed.

Answer 3

Integration

Question 4

Which of the three functions is a response to integrated stimuli?

Answer 4

Motor output

Question 5

The motor output response activates the ___.

Answer 5

Muscles and glands

Question 6

The three overlapping nervous system functions is similar to ___.

Answer 6

Feedback loop

Question 7

In a feedback loop, what receives the sensory input?

Answer 7

Receptor

Question 8

After it is received, the sensory input is sent to the ___.

Answer 8

Brain (control center)

Question 9

After the sensory input is analyzed and integrated, a motor response is sent to the ____.

Answer 9

Effector

Question 10

The nervous system is classified based on ___.

Answer 10

Structures and activities

Question 11

What are the structural classifications of the nervous system?

Answer 11

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

Question 12

What are the organs found in the central nervous system?

Answer 12

Brain & spinal cord

Question 13

True or False: The peripheral nervous system is comprised of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What are the two types of nerves that can be found in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 14

Cranial nerves & spinal nerves

Question 15

What are the functions of the central nervous system?

Answer 15

▪ Integration; command center
▪ Interpret incoming sensory
information
▪ Issues outgoing instructions

Question 16

These type of nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord.

Answer 16

Spinal nerves

Question 17

These type of nerves carry impulses to and from the brain.

Answer 17

Cranial nerves

Question 18

What are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 18

Serve as communication lines
among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and glands or muscles

Question 19

What are the two functional classifications of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 19

Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division

Question 20

This functional division of the PNS includes nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system.

Answer 20

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 21

What are the two types of nerve fibers in the sensory division?

Answer 21

Somatic sensory fibers and visceral sensory fibers.

Question 22

What type of nerve fibers carry information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints?

Answer 22

Somatic sensory fibers

Question 23

What type of nerve fibers carry information from visceral/internal organs?

Answer 23

Visceral sensory fibers

Question 24

This functional classification of the PNS includes nerve fibers that carry impulses away from
the central nervous system organs.

Answer 24

Motor (efferent) division

Question 25

What are the two subdivisions of the motor division?

Answer 25

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 26

This subdivision of the motor division voluntarily controls skeletal muscles.

Answer 26

Somatic nervous system

Question 27

This subdivision of the motor division is involuntary or automatically moves.

Answer 27

Autonomic nervous system

Question 28

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 28

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 29

The autonomic nervous system is further divided into ___.

Answer 29

Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 30

What are the parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 30

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion defecation, erection

Question 31

Support cells in the central nervous system.

Answer 31

Neuroglia

Question 32

What are the general functions of neuroglia?

Answer 32

Support, insulate, protect neurons

Question 33

What are the four types of CNS glial cells?

Answer 33

Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 34

These glial cells are abundant, star-shaped cells.

Answer 34

Astrocytes

Question 35

Astrocytes are also known as ___.

Answer 35

Brace neurons

Question 36

What are the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 36

Form barrier between capillaries and neurons Control the chemical environment of the brain

Question 37

They are the most abundant and versatile neuroglia.

Answer 37

Astrocytes

Question 38

These neuroglia are spiderlike phagocytes.

Answer 38

Microglia

Question 39

What are the functions of microglia?

Answer 39

Dispose of debris and defend CNS cells.

Question 40

These neuroglia line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities.

Answer 40

Ependymal cells

Question 41

What body cavities are lines with ependymal cells?

Answer 41

Cranial and spinal cavities

Question 42

What part of ependymal cells assists with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 42

Cilia

Question 43

What neuroglia produces myelin sheaths that wrap around nerve fibers in the CNS?

Answer 43

Oligodendrocytes

Question 44

What are the two PNS glial cells?

Answer 44

Satellite cells and Schwann cells

Question 45

These PNS glial cells protect neuron cell bodies.

Answer 45

Satellite cells

Question 46

What forms myelin sheaths in the PNS?

Answer 46

Schwann cells

Question 47

Nerve cells are also known as ___.

Answer 47

Neurons

Question 48

They are cells specialized to transmit messages.

Answer 48

Neurons

Question 49

What are the major regions of the neuron?

Answer 49

Cell body and processes

Question 50

It contains the nucleus and metabolic center of the cell.

Answer 50

Cell body

Question 51

It includes the fibers that extend from the cell body.

Answer 51

Processes

Question 52

What are the parts of the cell body?

Answer 52

Nissl bodies, neurofibrils, nucleus with large nucleolus

Question 53

They are specialized rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 53

Nissl bodies

Question 54

They form an intermediate cytoskeleton and maintain cell shape.

Answer 54

Neurofibrils

Question 55

What are the processes outside the cell body?

Answer 55

Dendrites and axons

Question 56

They conduct impulse toward the cell body.

Answer 56

Dendrites

Question 57

They conduct impulses away from the cell body.

Answer 57

Axons

Question 58

True or False: Neurons may have hundreds of axons but only one dendrite.

Answer 58

FALSE. They may have hundreds of dendrites and only one axon.

Question 59

The axon arises from the body at the ___.

Answer 59

Axon hillock

Question 60

Axons end in ___.

Answer 60

Axon terminals

Question 61

Axon terminals contain vesicles with ___.

Answer 61

Neurotransmitters

Question 62

Axons are separated from the next neuron by a gap called the ___.

Answer 62

Synaptic cleft

Question 63

It is the junction between nerves.

Answer 63

Synapse

Question 64

It is the gap between adjacent neurons.

Answer 64

Synaptic cleft

Question 65

It is thee whitish, fatty material covering axons.

Answer 65

Myelin sheath

Question 66

True or False: Schwann cells produce myelin sheaths for the CNS, while oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths for the PNS.

Answer 66

FALSE. Suli hahhahahaha

Question 67

They are gaps in myelin sheath along the axon.

Answer 67

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 68

True or False: Myelin sheaths spread the nerve impulse transmission.

Answer 68

TRUE

Question 69

True or False: Most neuron cell bodies are found in the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 69

FALSE. They are found in the central nervous system.

Question 70

They are clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the central nervous system.

Answer 70

Nuclei

Question 71

Collections of cell bodies outside the central nervous system are referred to as ___.

Answer 71

Ganglia

Question 72

Bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS are called ___, while bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS are called ___.

Answer 72

Tracts; nerves

Question 73

Collections of myelinated fibers are known as ___.

Answer 73

White matter

Question 74

It is a collection of mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies.

Answer 74

Grey matter

Question 75

What are the three functional classifications of neurons?

Answer 75

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

Question 76

These neurons carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS.

Answer 76

Sensory neurons

Question 77

What are the two types of sensory neurons?

Answer 77

Cutaneous sense organs and proprioceptors

Question 78

These sensory neurons detect stretch or tension.

Answer 78

Proprioceptors

Question 79

What are the different cutaneous sense organs?

Answer 79

Free nerve endings, Meissner's corpuscle, lamellar/Pacinian corpuscle

Question 80

What are the types of proprioceptors?

Answer 80

Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle

Question 81

What are the pain and temperature receptors?

Answer 81

Free nerve endings

Question 82

___ functions as a touch receptor.

Answer 82

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 83

It detects deep pressure in the skin.

Answer 83

Lamellar corpuscle

Question 84

Carry impulses from the central nervous system to viscera, muscles, or glands.

Answer 84

Motor neurons

Question 85

Interneurons are also known as ___.

Answer 85

Association neurons

Question 86

Where in the central nervous system can interneurons be found?

Answer 86

Neural pathways

Question 87

They connect sensory and motor neurons.

Answer 87

Interneurons

Question 88

True or False: Sensory neurons are efferent, while motor neurons are afferent.

Answer 88

FALSE. Suli hhahhahahaha

Question 89

What are the structural classifications of neurons?

Answer 89

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

Question 90

Structural classification of neurons is based on ___.

Answer 90

Number of processes extending from the cell body.

Question 91

These neurons have many extensions from the cell body.

Answer 91

Multipolar neurons

Question 92

These neurons have one axon and one dendrite.

Answer 92

Bipolar neurons

Question 93

These neurons have a short single process leaving the cell body.

Answer 93

Unipolar neurons

Question 94

What neurons are the most common structure?

Answer 94

Multipolar neurons

Question 95

True or False: All motor and interneurons are multipolar.

Answer 95

TRUE

Question 96

Where are bipolar neurons located?

Answer 96

Special sense organs (ex. nose and eye)

Question 97

True or False: Bipolar neurons are rare in adults.

Answer 97

TRUE

Question 98

They are sensory neurons found in PNS ganglia.

Answer 98

Unipolar

Question 99

What neurons conduct impulses both toward and away from the body?

Answer 99

Unipolar neurons

Question 100

This subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for your fight or flight response.

Answer 100

Sympathetic

Question 101

This subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for what's known as "rest and digest".

Answer 101

Parasympathetic

Question 102

Chemicals that cause fetal abnormalities are known as ___.

Answer 102

Teratogens

Question 103

It promotes healthy development of neural tube.

Answer 103

Folic acid

Question 104

The demyelination of myelin sheaths is known as ___.

Answer 104

Multiple sclerosis

Question 105

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 105

12 pairs

Question 106

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 106

31 pairs