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Flashcards in Nervous System 2 Deck (33)
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1
Q

What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory/ afferent division
Motor/efferent division splits into Visceral Motor and Somatic Motor division.

Visceral Motor Splits into Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Also the Enteric

2
Q

Define Afferent

A

carrying information into the central nervous system, usually considered synonymous with sensory information

3
Q

Define Efferent

A

carrying information away from the central nervous system, usually considered synonymous with motor information

4
Q

Define Somatic

A

relating to the body wall and limbs (muscles, skin, bones, joints).

5
Q

Define Visceral

A

relating to the internal organs (heart, lungs, digestive system, kidneys, reproductive system, etc.).

6
Q

What division of the nervous system controls the viscera?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

7
Q

There are two divisions of the ANS that are responsible for the maintence of homeostasis. what are they?

A

Parasympathetic(“rest and digest”/ craniosacral)

and Sympathetic (“fight or flight”/ thoracolumbar)

8
Q

Where is the parasympathetic neuron location?

A

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise from brain stem & from S2-S4 (Craniosacral).

9
Q

Where is the sympathetic neuron location?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons arise from lateral horns (grey matter) of T1-L2 (thoracolumbar spinal cord)

10
Q

What controls the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS?

A

The hypothalamus

11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system have control over ?

A

Circulation of the blood
Activity of the Gastrointestinal tract
Body temperature

12
Q

What organs/muscles/neurons does the ANS

A

Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands of internal organs (The viscera!).
Involuntary
Two neuron chain
preganglionic neurons – originate in the central nervous system (CNS); preganglionic efferent axons are lightly myelinated.
postganglionic neurons – originate in the ganglion located outside the CNS; postganglionic neurons are not myelinated

13
Q

When is the sympathetic activated?

Names some examples of your bodies reactions?

A

When the body is under conditions of emergency

Dilated pupils, increased heart rates, increased blood pressure, induced sweating

14
Q

What happens during exercise?

eg. sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic vasoconstriction shunts blood from the skin and digestive viscera to the heart, brain & skeletal muscles

15
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Conserves body energy and maintains body activities at basal levels - homeostasis

16
Q

Is inhibition of the pancreatic enzymes sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

17
Q

Is dilation of the iris sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

18
Q

Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons .

Which has the longer preganglionic neuron?

A

Parasympathetic

19
Q

Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons .

Where is the gap between pre and postganglionic neuron?

A

Sympathetic- close to spinal cord

Parasympathetic- close to organ it innervates

20
Q

Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons .

Which receptors are used?

A

Sympathetic - usually Alpha and beta adrenergic but can be Muscarinic receptor
Parasympathetic- Muscarinic

21
Q

Compare the features between autonomic and somatic motor systems.
How many Neurons?
Are they myelinated?

A

Somatic- one neuron myelinated, end is skeletal muscle

Autonomic- 2 neuron, myelinated then unmyelinated

22
Q

How many pairs of nerves are in the spine.

What are they?

A
31 pairs 
8 cervical nerves 
12 thoracic nerves 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
1 coccygeal
23
Q

What is plexi?

A

The form nerves take when they innervate from limbs

24
Q

How does the cauda equina form?

A

The bundle of posterior nerves are caused by the bone of the vertebral column elongating more than the spinal cord

25
Q

Sensory or Motor?
Dorsal Root
Ventral Root

A

Dorsal Root- sensory

Ventral Root- motor

26
Q

What is the name given to peripheral nerves in the head and neck?

A

Cranial nerves

emerge from the brainstem

27
Q

Describe the structure of the spinal nerve

A

Roots that join to form mixed spinal nerves
Each segments of the cord gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves that consists of axons of

motor/sensory/sympathetic neurons

28
Q

Describe the role of the Dermatomes and myotomes

A

Provides sensory and motor supply of an adjacent muscle mass (myotome) and the cutaneous supply of an area of skin (dermatome).

29
Q

Define reflex

A

rapid, involuntary motor response to a stimulus.

30
Q

Define reflex arc

A

receptor, sensory neuron, integration centre, motor neuron, and effector

31
Q

Define spinal reflex

A

somatic spinal reflexes provides information on integrity of the reflex pathway and degree of excitability of the SC

32
Q

Define motor neurone

A

a motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates (these all contract together).

33
Q

The finer the movement the _____ the muscle fibres/motor unit

A

The finer the movement the fewer the muscle fibres/motor unit