Nervous system Flashcards
What does the sensory component of the nervous system do?
monitor changes on the outside and inside of the body
What does the motor component of the nervous system do?
carries out changes based on the interpretation by the integrative component of the nervous system
What does the integrative component of the nervous system do?
it interprets and processes the information that arrives from the sensory component.
Describe main parts of the neuron.
dendrite, axon, cell body
what is a dendrite?
process carrying incoming information.
what is the cell body (Soma)?
the area surrounding the nucleus
what is the axon?
process carrying information out of the neuron.
What does the myelin around the axon do?
the myelin sheath allows for saltatory conduction, speeding up the time of travel of the information.
how does communication between neurons occur?
1 neuron send the information, traveling through the axon and reaching the terminals, releasing the neurotransmitter onto the other neuron, and causing it to depolarize.
how do you call the neuron that sends the message and the one that receives it?
sending the message: pre-synaptic receiving the message: post-synaptic
Name the 2 structural divisions of the nervous system.
Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Name the 2 functional divisions of the nervous system.
Somatic Nervous System Automatic Nervous System
What is the central nervous system composed of?
brain and spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?
cranial nerves and spinal nerves that allow for communication between the rest of the body and the brain and spinal cord.
What is a Ganglia?
collection of neurons with a common function found outside the brain. They are cranial, spinal, or autonomic.
What are cranial nerves?
they are nerves that emerge from the brain
How many nerves compose the PNS?
12 pairs of cranial and 31 spinal nerves from the spinal cord
What is white and grey matter?
white matter is myelinated axons grey matter is non myelinated cell bodies
what is a nerve?
bundles of axons, capillaries, connective tissue, and neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells). They are sensory, motor, or mixed.
What are autonomic ganglia?
are motor ganglia and no synapses occur on them.
Name two PNS components.
Nerves and Ganglia
what are the 4 major spinal cord divisions?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral
how are spinal cord segments numbered?
they are numbered by the exit of their associated spinal nerves
Where to nerves exit from C1-C7?
above their corresponding vertebrae
How many cervical spines are there?
8
Where does the 8th cervical nerve exit?
it exits underneath the C7 and above the 1st thoracic
identify the pia mater, spinal cord, arachnoid and dura mater, dorsal root and ventral root
Identify intervertebral foramen, spinal nerve, intervertebral disc, pedicle, zygoapophisial “facet” joint.
Identify intervertebral foramen, spinal nerve, intervertebral disc, pedicle, zygoapophisial “facet” joint.
Do spinal nerves contain only visceral components?
no! they contain somatic and visceral components