Which Gram - Bacteria is the most common cause of meningitis in College students
Neisseria meningitidis
What Gram + Bacteria is the most common cause of Meningitis in Adults
Streptocuccus pneumoniae
What Gram - Bacteria is the most common cause of meningitis in children
Haemophilus influenzoe B
What Gram + Bacteria is the most common cause of Meningitis in Elderly, babies and pregnant women
Listeria Moncytogenes
What Gram + bacteria is the most common cause of Meningitis in premature babies and infants
Streotococcus agalactiae
How is Listeria moncytogenes transmitted
Contaminated Food and Drink
How is Streptococcus agalactiae transmitted
Birth canal
Health care personal
What type of meningitis is associated with a Sudden high fever and sever meningeal inflammation
Bacterial meningitis
What bacteria causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy)
Mycobacterium leprae
What are the two types of Leprosy
Tuberculoid Leprosy
Lepromatous Leprosy
What type of leprosy causes one to lose facial features, digits and other body structures
Lepromatous Leprosy
What happens in tuberculoid leprosy
Regions of lost sensation as a result of nerve damage
How is leprosy transmitted
Person-to-person contact or break in the skin
Handling armadillos
What kind of Leprosy would one get if they have a strong immune system
Tuberculoid leprosy
What kind of leprosy would on get if they have a weak immune system
Lupromatous leprosy
What bacteria causes Botulism
Colstridium botulinum
What are the symptoms of Botulism
Flaccid paralysis
Death - Cannot inhale
How does one get Botulism
Contaminated food
Honey
Spores entering wounds
What is the most common form of botulism in the US
Infant botulism (floppy baby syndrom)
What category of bioterrorism threat is botulism
Cat A
What Bacteria causes lockjaw (tetnus)
Clostridium tentani
What are symptoms of Tetnus
Sever muscular contraction
Lockjay
Death - Cant exhale
How does one get Tetnus
Break in skin
Puncture wounds
Umbilical stump (in un-steril environment)
What is the smiling spasm associated with tetnus
Risus Sardonicus
What is the mortality rate of neonatal tetanus
90%
What causes neonatal tentaus
Infected umbilical stump
What causes Poliomyelitits
Poliovirus
How many cases of polio as asymptomatic
90%
How is polio transmitted
Drinking contaminated water
What is the name of the paralysis that polio causes
Infantile paralysis postpolio syndrom
What causes Rabies
Rabies Virus
What are symptoms of rabies
Pain + itching at site of infection Fever Malaise seizures Disorientation
How does one get rabies
Tranmission usually occurs after a bit from a bat
What is the capsid shape of the rabies virus
Bullet shaped
Can someone be saved from rabies once they start to experience symptoms
No
What is the vector in all Equine Encephalitis diseases
Mosquito vector
Where is Eastern Equine Encephalitis found
East of mississippi river
What is another name for Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Sleep sickness
Which form of Equine Encephalitis is most deadly
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Where is Western Equine Encephalitis found
West of the Mississippi
Where is Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis found
Texas
What are the symptoms of Equine Encephalitis
Fever
Muscle pain
Headach
Seizures 3-10 days after bite
What causes St.Louis Encephalitis
St.louis Encephalitis virus
What is the vector for St. Louis Encephalitis
Mosquito
What causes West Nile Encephalitis
West nile virus
How many people that get the West Nile virus are asymptomatic
80%
What is the vector for West Nile Virus
Mosquito
Were do mosquitoes likely get West Nile virus
Dead birds
What causes California Encephalitis
California Encephalitis virus
What is the vector for California Encepahlitis
Mosquito
What is an Arbovirus
A virus that is Transmitted through an arthropod vector
What causes Tick Borne Encephalitis
Tick borne Encephalitis virus
What is the vectorr for Tick born encephalitis
Hard Tick
What fungus causes Cryptococcal meningitis
Cryptococcus neofarmans
How can you get Cryptococcal meningitis
Inhalation of spores or dried yeast cells
What is the most common form of Crytococcal infection
Cryptococcal meningitis
If left untreated what can crytococcal neofarmans cause
Loss of vision
What Protozoans can cause African Sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense
Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense
What is the vector for African sleeping sickness
Tsetse fly
What is the most common african sleeping sickness (95%), what causes it
West African sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense
What is the last common African sleeping sickness (5%), what causes it
East African sleeping sickness
What protozoans can cause Amebic Meningoencephalopath
Acanthamoeba
Naegleria fowleri
How can one get the protozoans that cause Amebic Meningoencephalopath
Inhalation of contaminated water
Which protozoan that causes Amebic Meningoencephalopath is known as the Brain eating amoeba
Naeglera Fowleri
How quickly does one die when they get Amebic Meningoencephalopath
3-7 days
What causes Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Prions
What are symptoms of Variant Creutzfledt-Jakob disease
Insomnia
Weight loss
Memory failure
loss of muscle control
What is the most common cause of Variant Creutzfledt-Jakob disease
Eating BSE contaminated Beef
What is the group of diseases caused by a prion
Spongiform Encephalopathy
What bacteria causes Trachoma
Chlamydia Trachomatis
What are the symptoms of Trachoma
Eyelids turn inward
Eyelashes scar cornea –> trigger blood vessels
Eventual blindness
How can you get Trachoma
Bacteria from genitals gets into eye (birth, fomites, fingers)
What is the leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in human
Chlamydia Trachomatis (Trachoma)
What is a Sty
Infection of Hair follicle on eyelid
What can cause a sty
Staphylococcus Aureus
Staphylococcus Epidermidis
What is the most likely bacteria to cause a sty
Staphylococcus Aureus
What Bacteria Causes Opthalmia Neonatorum
Neisseria Gonorrhoea
How does Opthamlia Neonatorum present
Inflammation of cornea of Blindness
What is another name of Opthamlia Neonatorum
Newborn Conjunctivitis
What can cause Pink eye (Conjunctivitis)
Staph Aureus
Strep Pneumoniae
Haemophilus aegyptii
Adenovirus
What is another name for Pink eye caused by the Adenovirus
Swimming pool Conjunctivitis
What does bacterial conjunctivitis cause
Grittiness/irritation
Mucopurulent discharge
What Causes Ocular Herpes
HHV-1
What can Occular Herpes lead to
Blindness
Where does HHV-1 stay latent, and travel down in Occular Herpes
Stays in Trigeminal Ganglion
Travels down Opthamic Division
What fungus causes Occular Candidiasis
Candida albicans
What are symptoms of Occular Candidiasis
Eye pain
Red eye
Blindness
What protozoan causes Acanthamoeba Keratinits
Acanthamoeba
How can one get Ancanthamoeba keratinits
Using nonsterile solutions to clean/store contact lenses
What causes Loa Loa Filariasis
Loa Loa
What is Loa Loa
a Nematode
What is a notable symptom of Loa Loa Filariasis
Calabar swelling on the eye
What are the vectos for Loa Loa Filariasis
Deer Fly
Mango Fly
What is Loa Loa Filariasis also known as
Subcutaneous Filariasis
Loaiasis
What causes Onchocerciasis
Onchocerca
What is Onchocerca
Nematode
What are symptoms of Onchocerciasis
Long term conrneal inflammation
Blindness
What is the vector for Onchocerciasis
Black Fly
What is Onchocerciasis also called
River Blindness