Nervous System

Question 1

fast-acting control system that employs nerve impulses to trigger muscle contraction or gland secretion

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

gathered information, 5 senses

Answer 2

sensory input

Question 3

processes and interprets the sensory input and make decisions about what should be done

Answer 3

integration

Question 4

consists of the brain and spinal cord, interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions based on past experience and current conditions

Answer 4

central nervous system

Question 5

outside CNS, nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system

Question 6

allows us to consciously, or voluntarily, control our skeletal muscles

Answer 6

somatic nervous system

Question 7

regulates events that are automatic, or involuntary, such as the activity of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

Answer 7

autonomic nervous system

Question 8

the nonneuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glia

Answer 8

neuroglia

Question 9

abundant star-shaped cells that account for nearly half the neural tissue

Answer 9

astrocytes

Question 10

spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris, including dead brain cells and bacteria

Answer 10

microglia

Question 11

glial cells that line the cavities of the brain and the spinal cord, beating of cilia helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the cavities and forms a protective cushion around the CNS

Answer 11

ependymal cells

Question 12

gli that wrap their flat extensions tightly around the nerve fibers, producing fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths

Answer 12

oligodendrocytes

Question 13

form the myelin sheaths around the nerve fibers found in the PNS

Answer 13

Schwann cells

Question 14

act as protective, cushioning cells in myelin sheath

Answer 14

satellite cells

Question 15

transmit messages from one part of the body to another

Answer 15

neurons

Question 16

the branching extensions of neyrons that carry electricl signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell

Answer 16

dendrites

Question 17

neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell

Answer 17

axons

Question 18

conelike region of the cell body

Answer 18

axon hillock

Question 19

specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell

Answer 19

axon terminals

Question 20

white, fatty insulant with a waxy appearance

Answer 20

myelin

Question 21

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells

Answer 21

nodes of Ranvier

Question 22

the loss of a state of polarity; the loss of a negative charge inside the plasma membrane

Answer 22

depolarization

Question 23

an electrical event occuring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity

Answer 23

action potential

Question 24

restoration of the membrane potential to the initial resting (polarized) state

Answer 24

repolarization

Question 25

the largest part of the brain; consists of the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Answer 25

cerebrum

Question 26

integrates sensory information among various modalities, including spatial sense and navigation

Answer 26

parietal lobe

Question 27

part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behavior

Answer 27

frontal lobe

Question 28

the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex

Answer 28

occipital lobe

Question 29

involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex

Answer 29

temporal lobe

Question 30

the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites

Answer 30

gray matter

Question 31

composed of bundles, which connect various gray matter areas (the locations of nerve cell bodies) of the brain to each other, and carry nerve impulses between neuron

Answer 31

cerebral white matter

Question 32

the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity

Answer 32

cerebellum