Nervous System COPY

Question 1

what are the 2 anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

central nervous system and perioheral nervous system

Question 2

the CNS includes?

Answer 2

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 3

the PNS includes?

Answer 3

all the neural tissue outside the central nervous system

Question 4

what are the two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 4

the afferent division and the efferent division

Question 5

what does the afferent division do?

Answer 5

brings sensory information to the central nervous system

Question 6

what does the efferent division do?

Answer 6

carries motor commands to muscles and glands

Question 7

what are somatic sensory receptors?

Answer 7

monitor skeletal muscles, joints and the skin

Question 8

what are the visceral sensory receptors?

Answer 8

monitor other internal tissues such as smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 9

?what are special sense organs?

Answer 9

eye and ear (examples)

Question 10

what is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 10

part of efferent division that controls skeletal muscle contractions

Question 11

what is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 11

part of efferent division that regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

Question 12

two distinct neural tissue cell types would be?

Answer 12

nerve cells/neurons and supporting cells/neuroglia

Question 13

what are neurons?

Answer 13

responsible for the transfer and processing of information in the nervous system

Question 14

what are neuroglia?

Answer 14

supporting cells that isolate the neurons

Question 15

three functions of neuroglia are?

Answer 15

provide a supporting framework for the neural tissues, help maintain the intercellular environment, act as phagocytes

Question 16

glial cells are

Answer 16

another name for neuroglia

Question 17

what are four types of glial cells?

Answer 17

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells

Question 18

what are the five main functions of astrocytes?

Answer 18

maintain the blood-brain barrier, create a 3D frameworl for the CNS, perform repairs in damaged neural tissue, guide neuron development, control the interstitial environment

Question 19

oligodendrocytes have ___ cell bodies and ____ processes than the astrocytes

Answer 19

smaller and fewer

Question 20

oligodendrocytes processes

Answer 20

tie clusters of axons together, help regulate extracellular ion concentrations, improve functional performance or neurons

Question 21

what is myelin?

Answer 21

multilayered mambranous coating with insulating properties

Question 22

regions dominated by myelinated axons constitute the

Answer 22

white matter

Question 23

regions dominated by neuron cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons are called

Answer 23

gray matter

Question 24

the microglia are the

Answer 24

smallest of the glial cells. they engulf cullular debris, waste products, and pathogens

Question 25

the ependymal cells are the

Answer 25

cellular lining of the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

Question 26

two involved glial cell types are

Answer 26

Schwann cells and Satellite cells

Question 27

satellite cells

Answer 27

regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the neuron cell body and the extracellular fluid

Question 28

schwann cells

Answer 28

are the covering of every peripheral axon

Question 29

what is a synapse?

Answer 29

a specialized site where the neuron communicates with another cell

Question 30

anaxonic neurons are

Answer 30

small, and found only in CNS. not very well understood

Question 31

bipolar neurons are

Answer 31

rare. they have fine dendrites that fuse to form a single dendrite. important in relaying sensory information concerning sight, smell and hearing. NOT MYELINATED

Question 32

pseudounipolar neurons are

Answer 32

sensory neurons of the PNS and axons MAY be myelinated

Question 33

multipolar neurons are

Answer 33

most common type of neuron found in CNS. have several dendrites with one axon.

Question 34

what are the three classifications of receptors?

Answer 34

exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors

Question 35

exteroceptors do what?

Answer 35

provide information about the external environment in the form of touch, temp, and pressure. and sight, smell and hearing

Question 36

proprioceptors monitor

Answer 36

the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

Question 37

interoceptors monitor

Answer 37

the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary and reproductive systems and provide sensations of deep pressure and pain as well as taste

Question 38

axons traveling away from the CNS are called

Answer 38

efferent fibers

Question 39

motor neurons are

Answer 39

multipolar neurons that form efferent division of the nervous system

Question 40

interneurons are

Answer 40

sutuated between sensory and motor neurons

Question 41

interneurons are located where?

Answer 41

entirely with in the brain and spinal cord

Question 42

wallerian degeneration

Answer 42

the axon distal to the injury site deteriorates and macrophages migrate in to phagocytize the debris

Question 43

the Schwann cells are involved how?

Answer 43

release growth factors to promote axonal regrowth

Question 44

what is excitability?

Answer 44

the ability of a cell membrane to conduct electrical impulses

Question 45

what are nerve impulses?

Answer 45

action potentials traveling along axons

Question 46

the rate of impulse conduction depends on what 2 properties?

Answer 46

the presence or absence of the myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

Question 47

electrical synapses

Answer 47

found between neurons in both the CNS and PNS

Question 48

what is a neuronal pool?

Answer 48

group of interconnected neurons with specific functions

Question 49

five functions of neuronal pools

Answer 49

divergence, convergence, serial processing, parallel processing, reverberation

Question 50

what is divergence?

Answer 50

spread of information from one neuron to several neurons

Question 51

what happens in convergence?

Answer 51

several neurons synapse on the same postsynaptic nueron

Question 52

what happens in serial processing?

Answer 52

information may be relayed in a stepwise sequence, from one neuron to anotheer

Question 53

parallel processing occurs when

Answer 53

several neurons or neuronal pools are processing the same information at one time

Question 54

reverberation is

Answer 54

a positive feedback

Question 55

in the CNS a collection of neuron cell bodies is called what?

Answer 55

a center