Massage Therapy Spring Semester > Nervous System Exam > Flashcards

Nervous System Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What constitues the CNS?

A

brain & spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

peripheral nerves, sense organs, neurotransmitters

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3
Q

What are the receiving branches of neurons called?

A

dendrites

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4
Q

What is the large central portion of the neuron called?

A

soma

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5
Q

What is the tail of the neuron called?

A

axon

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6
Q

What is the fatty sheath surrounding the tail called?

A

myelin sheath

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7
Q

What are the ends of the neuron called?

A

synaptic bulb

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8
Q

What are the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS?

A

astrocyte, ependemocyte, oligodentrocyte, microglia

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9
Q

What are the two types of neuroglia in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells, satellite cells

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10
Q

What are the two terms that describe nerve impulses directionally toward the brain?

A

efferent, sensory

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11
Q

What are the two terms that describe nerve impulses directionally away from the brain?

A

efferent, motor

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12
Q

What is the largest part of the brain called?

A

cerebrum

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13
Q

What are some functions of the cerebrum?

A

somatosensory information, motor responses, cognition, memory, language, intelligence, emotions, vision, smell, taste, hearing

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14
Q

What is the area of the brain most responsible for balance (against gravity) and fine motor control?

A

cerebellum

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15
Q

What part of the brain associates with vital life processes?

A

brainstem

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16
Q

What are the three divisions of the brainstem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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17
Q

What are the two portions of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus & hypothalamus

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18
Q

What are the functions of the thalamus?

A

relay sensory information, regulate consciousness, sleep, and alertness

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19
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

regulate ANS, hunger, thirst, anger, hormones, sexual behavior, body temperature, sleep patterns

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20
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin?

A

brainstem

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21
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

lower back, around L2

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22
Q

How many segments make up the spinal cord?

A

31

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23
Q

How are the segments of the spinal cord defined?

A

where nerve bundles exit the spinal cord

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24
Q

How many spinal cord segments are cervical?

A

8

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25
How many spinal cord segments are thoracic?
12
26
How many spinal cord segments are lumbar?
5
27
How many spinal cord segments are sacral?
5
28
How many spinal cord segments are coccygeal?
1
29
What is the continuation of nerve bundle extending beyond the end of the spinal cord called?
cauda equina
30
What is the general function of the spinal cord?
information highway
31
# Translate the following: olfaction
smell
32
# Translate the following: optic
sight
33
# Translate the following: oculomotor
eye mover
34
# Translate the following: trochlea
pulley
35
# Translate the following: trigeminal
triplet
36
# Translate the following: abduction
taking away
37
# Translate the following: expression
nonverbal facial movements
38
# Translate the following: auditory
hearing
39
# Translate the following: glossus
tongue
40
# Translate the following: pharyngeal
throat
41
# Translate the following: vagrant
wanderer
42
# Translate the following: accesory
aiding, assisting
43
What is cranial nerve I and what is its function?
olfactory detect smell
44
What is cranial nerve II and what is its function?
optic detect visual information
45
What is cranial nerve III and what is its function?
oculomotor moves eyeballs, constricts pupils, maintains open eyelids
46
What is cranial nerve IV and what is its function?
trochlear moves eyeballs
47
What is cranial nerve V and its branches?
trigeminal opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
48
What is the function of the opthalmic branch of CNV?
innervate areas around nose, eyes, and forehead
49
What is the function of the maxillary branch of CNV?
innervate areas around upper lip and cheeks
50
What is the function of the mandibular branch of CNV?
innervate sides of tongue, lower lip, areas near cheek, ear, and jaw
51
What is cranial nerve VI and what is its function?
abducens move eyeballs
52
What is cranial nerve VII and what is its function?
facial control muscles of facial expression, detect taste, produce saliva and tears
53
What is cranial nerve VIII and what is its function?
vestibulocochlear detect hearing and balance/equilibrium from inner ear
54
What is cranial nerve IX and what is its function?
glossopharyngeal detect taste, produce saliva, control swallowing
55
What is cranial nerve X and what is its function?
vagus connection between brain and GI tract, regulate HR, respiration rate, blood pressue, sweating, and keeps laryx open for breathing
56
What is the longest cranial nerve?
CNX: vagus nerve
57
What is cranial nerve XI and what is its function?
accessory innervate neck and shoulder muscles
58
What is cranial nerve XII and what is its function?
hypoglossal moves tongue for speech, chewing, and swallowing
59
How are the spinal nerves numbered?
order in which they emerge from the spine
60
What is the nerve grouping of the upper neck called and where is it located?
cervical plexus C1-C5
61
What is the nerve grouping of the lower neck called and where is it located?
brachial plexus C5-T1
62
What is the large nerve grouping of the lower back called and where is it located?
lumbosacral plexus T12-S4
63
What is the most important nerve of the upper limb?
radial
64
What is the most important nerve of the lower limb?
sciatic
65
What is the body's largest nerve?
sciatic
66
What muscle group does the sciatic nerve innervate?
hamstrings
67
Which part of the ANS is coined "fight or flight"?
sympathetic
68
Which part of the ANS has a chain of ganglia?
sympathetic
69
Which part of the ANS is coined "wine and dine, rest and digest, feed and breed"?
parasympathetic
70
Which part of the ANS does the vagus nerve control?
parasympathetic
71
What is the outer layer of the meninges called?
dura mater
72
What is the middle layer of the meninges called?
arachnoid mater
73
What is the inner layer of the meninges called?
pia mater
74
What is the watery substance that bathes the brain and spinal cord?
cerebrospinal fluid
75
Which layer of the meninges can you find CSF?
subarachnoid space (between pia mater and arachnoid mater)
76
# CNS What are the functions of *astrocytes*?
achnor neurons to capillaries exchange nutrients stimulate immune responses form blood-brain barrier
77
What is the largest and most numerous neuroglia in the CNS?
astrocytes
78
# CNS What are the functions of *ependymocytes*?
line ventricles in CNS and help circulate CSF
79
# CNS What is the function of *microglia*?
montinor neuron health destory and remove harmful microorganisms and cellular debris
80
# CNS What is the function of *oligodendrocytes*?
produce myelin sheath in CNS
81
# PNS What is the function of *Schwann cells*?
produce myelin sheath in PNS
82
# PNS What is the function of *satellite cells*?
involved in inflammation process and helps repair PNS following injury
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