✅nervous Sytem 1

Question 1

What is a tract?

Answer 1

Bundles of axons in CNS

Question 2

What is a nerve?

Answer 2

Bundles of axons in PSN

Question 3

How are the cerebral hemispheres connected?

Answer 3

By the corpus callosum

Question 4

What is a neuron made up of?

Answer 4

Cell body
Dendrite (receive)
Axon (sends)
D&A connect at synapse

Question 5

What is the surface of the cerebrum called?

Answer 5

Cortex

Question 6

How much does gray matter weigh?

Answer 6

3 pounds

Question 7

What happens in 3-4 months of development?

Answer 7

The surface of brain folds up

Question 8

What is gray matter?

Answer 8

Lots of tissue squeezed into small area

Question 9

What is white matter?

Answer 9

White matter is nerve fibres that send signals around the body

Question 10

What sections can the cortex be divided into?

Answer 10

Functions
Lobes
Longitudinal fissure

Question 11

How is the cortex divided?

Answer 11

By groove like depressions

Question 12

What do we call ridges and folds?

Answer 12

Gyri

Question 13

What are all the lobes in the brain?

Answer 13

Frontal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal 
Cerebellum

Question 14

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 14

Performs movement

Question 15

Describe brocas area

Answer 15

Inferior frontal gyrus
Promotors cortex
Central role in planning and organisation of motor behaviour required for speech production.

Question 16

What does the prefrontal cortex control?

Answer 16

Personality

Question 17

What might brain-injury patients endure?

Answer 17

Personality changes

Question 18

Where is the parietal lobe?

Answer 18

Posterior to central fissure/sulcus, lower border at Sylvia fissure

Question 19

What does the parietal lobe receive and control?

Answer 19

Receives- sensory information form body

Controls- speech and eye movements

Question 20

What does the primary sensory cortex do?

Answer 20

Responds to touch and pain

Question 21

What does the posterior parietal cortex do?

Answer 21

Processes different stimuli to help plan motor acts

Question 22

Where is the angular gyrus?

Answer 22

Sits at junction of parietal occipital and temporal lobes

Question 23

What is effected if there is a lesion in the angular gyrus?

Answer 23

High order language processing (metaphors)

Question 24

What is the supramarginal gyrus involved in?

Answer 24

Word meaning, ability to connect word meanings with action patterns (e.g. show me how to whistle)

Question 25

Where is the temporal lobe?

Answer 25

Low side of hemisphere | Upper border to frontal/parietal at Sylvia fissure

Question 26

What does the temporal have 3 of?

Answer 26

Major gyri

Question 27

What is gyri?

Answer 27

Ridges/folds

Question 28

What does the primary auditory cortex do?

Answer 28

▹first cortical location for processing auditory signals | ▹Receives basic signals and analayses

Question 29

What does the auditory association area do?

Answer 29

receives basic analysis and performs higher level analysis

Question 30

What does wernickes area control?

Answer 30

Speech and language comprehension

Question 31

Where is the occipital lobe?

Answer 31

Posterior parts of hemispheres

Question 32

What is the smallest lobe?

Answer 32

Occipital

Question 33

What cortex is within the occipital lobe?

Answer 33

Primary visual cortex

Question 34

What is the insula?

Answer 34

Cortex/lobe underneath Sylvia fissure

Question 35

What is the insula involved in?

Answer 35

Involved in speech, language and swallowing | ▹Coordinate high level speech and language production

Question 36

What is the limbic system?

Answer 36

Structures within cerebrum involved in emotions, motivations, memory and adaptive functions

Question 37

What are the four sections of the limbic system?

Answer 37

▹Cingulate gyrus ▹Hippocampus ▹Amygdala ▹Basal ganglia

Question 38

What are the two projection tracts? Describe them.

Answer 38

▹ Corticobulbar ▹ Corticospinal ▸ long axons ▸Cortex to brainstem/spinal cord

Question 39

What is an association tract? Describe it.

Answer 39

Arcuate fasciculus ▸ intrahemispheric (within and between lobes)

Question 40

What does the accurate fasciculus do and where is it found?

Answer 40

Connects speech and language cortical areas in FRONTAL, TEMPORAL & PARIETAL LOBES

Question 41

What is bulbar?

Answer 41

Brainstem

Question 42

Where do fibres originate and end with regards to the corticobulbar tract?

Answer 42

``` Originate= cortex (cell bodies) End= brainstem ```

Question 43

What do fibres that connect with lower motor neurons control?

Answer 43

facial, jaw, tongue, velopharyngeal & laryngeal muscles

Question 44

Where do fibres originate and end in the corticospinal tract

Answer 44

``` Originate = cortex End= spinal cord ```