Network Management

Question 1

SNMP

Answer 1

Simple Network management Protocol (Port 161):
SNMP manager sends/receives messages to managed devices (routers/switches/servers)

SET = Sends info
GET = Requests info
TRAP = receives unsolicited info from managed devices

Question 2

Logical Network Diagram

Answer 2

Illustrates the flow of data across a network & shows how devices communicate with each other

Question 3

Wiring Diagram

Answer 3

Labels which cables are connected to which ports

Question 4

Radio Frequency (Wireless) Site Survey

Answer 4

Planning & designing a wireless network to deliver the required solution

Question 5

Wired Site Survey

Answer 5

Determines if a site has the right amount of power, space, & cooling to support a new upgrade/installation

Question 6

Audit & Assessment Report

Answer 6

Delivered after a formal assessment has been conducted

Executive summary
Scope & objectives
Assumptions & limitations
Methods & tools
Environment & system diagram
Security requirements
Findings & recommendations
Audit results

Question 7

Baseline Configurations

Answer 7

Set of specifications for an info system or configuration item within a system, that has been formally reviewed & agreed on

Changes will be properly tested & approved to be part of the new baseline

Question 8

Performance Metrics: Latency

Answer 8

Time that it takes for data to reach its destination across a network

Question 9

Performance Metrics: Bandwidth

Answer 9

Maximum rate of data transfer across a given network

Question 10

Performance Metrics: Throughput

Answer 10

Actual measure of how much data is successfully transferred from the source to a destination

Question 11

Performance Metrics: Jitter

Answer 11

When a time delay in the sending of data packets over a network connection occurs

Question 12

Minor Temperature Threshold

Answer 12

Used to set off an alarm when a rise in temperature is detected but hasn’t reached dangerous levels yet

Question 13

Major Temperature Threshold

Answer 13

Used to set off an alarm when temperature reaches dangerous levels

Question 14

NetFlow Data: Full Packet Capture

Answer 14

Used to capture the entire packet, including the header & the payload for all traffic entering & leaving a network

Question 15

NetFlow Data: Flow Analysis

Answer 15

Relies on a flow collector to record the metadata & statistics about network traffic rather than recording each frame

Highlights trends/patterns

Question 16

NetFlow

Answer 16

Defines a particular traffic flow based on the different packets that share the same characteristics

(Protocol, IP version, source/destination IP, source/destination port, IP service type)

Question 17

NetFlow Data: Zeek

Answer 17

Passively monitors a network like a sniffer, but only logs full packet capture data of potential interest

Performs normalization of the data & store it as a tab-delimited or JSON-formatted text files

Question 18

NetFlow Data: MRTG

Answer 18

Multi Router Traffic Grapher:
Creates graphs showing traffic flows through the network interfaces of routers & switches by polling the appliances using SNMP

Question 19

Link State

Answer 19

Communicates whether a given interface has a cable connected to it and
a valid protocol to use for communication

Question 20

Drop

Answer 20

Used to count the number of packets that have been dropped

Question 21

Flush

Answer 21

Used to count Selective Packet Discards (SPD) that have occurred

Question 22

SPD

Answer 22

Selective Packet Discards:
Drops low priority packets when the CPU is too busy so it can save
capacity for higher priority packets as a form of QoS

Question 23

Runt

Answer 23

An Ethernet frame that is less than 64 bytes in size

Question 24

Giant

Answer 24

Any Ethernet frame that exceeds the 802.3 frame size of 1518 bytes

Question 25

Throttle

Answer 25

Occurs when the interface fails to buffer the incoming packets

Question 26

CRC

Answer 26

Cyclic Redundancy Checksum:
Number of packets received that failed the cyclic redundancy checksum,
or CRC check upon receipt

Question 27

Ignored

Answer 27

Used to count the number of packets that the interface ignored since the
hardware interface was low on internal buffers

Question 28

Late Collision

Answer 28

Used to count the number of collisions that occur after the interface has
started transmitting its frame

Question 29

Environmental Monitoring

Answer 29

Network devices operate between 50-90 ºF
Maintain humidity range of 40-60%

Ideal: Cool, right humidity, clean power, flood-free

Question 30

OID

Answer 30

Object Identifier:

An address used to uniquely identify managed devices and their statuses

Question 31

Frame

Answer 31

Used to count the number of packets where a CRC error and a noninteger number of octets was received

Question 32

Overrun

Answer 32

Used to count how often the interface was unable to receive traffic due
to an insufficient hardware buffer

Question 33

Underrun

Answer 33

Number of times the sender has operated faster than the router can
handle, causing buffers or dropped packets

Question 34

Babble

Answer 34

Used to count any frames that are transmitted and are larger than 1518
bytes

Question 35

Deferred

Answer 35

Used to count the number of frames that were transmitted successfully
after waiting because the media was busy

Question 36

Output Buffer Failure

Answer 36

Number of times a packet was not output from the output hold queue
because of a shortage of shared memory

Question 37

Output Buffer Swapped Out

Answer 37

Number of packets stored in main memory when the queue is full