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Flashcards in Neuro 1 pt1 Deck (27)
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1
Q

Humans are the species with the most neurons? T/F

A

Humans have 1 billion
Elephans have 2 billion

FALSE

2
Q

range of neurons in the brain

A

15-30 billion

3
Q

How to determine the number of synapses we have.

How does the size of synapses range?

A

the number of seconds in 10 billion years.

3 ft. in length

4
Q

3 parts of a neuron

A

dendrite, cell body, axon

5
Q

Glial cells outnumber neurons _:1

A

9:1

6
Q

what components of nervous tissue are gray matter, or white matter?

A

Gray: nucleus, dendrite, ganglia
White: Axons, myelin

7
Q

Interneurons are located where?

A

Entirely within CNS

“middle man” that lives within grey matter

8
Q

Define Microglia

A

type of macrophage that destroys invasive microorganisms

9
Q

Define Astrocytes

A

most abundant glial cells, help c nutrition & act as antigen presenting cells for WBC

10
Q

most abundant glial cell type is:

A

Astrocytes

11
Q

Define Ependymal cells

A

semi-permeable lining that has cilia to circulate CSF

12
Q

___ forms myelin sheaths

A

Oligodendrocytes

13
Q

2 glial cells of PNS, and their function.

A

Schwann cells: similar to Oligo..for myelin and microglia by engulfing cell debris
satellite cells: surround & maintain cell bodies in ganglia

14
Q

Neurons get close, but do not touch each other (other than dendrites), how do they communicate at the terminal axon?

A

Using neurotransmitters at the terminal axon
the NT binds to postsynaptic receptor which releases other ions. Ultimately this causes a postsynaptic action potential, aka “impulse”

15
Q

2 most important NT’s

A

acetylcholine and norepi

16
Q

What are the following drugs’ effect on the neuromuscular junction?
Botulinum Toxin (aka “Botox”)
Succinylcholine (aka “Sux”)
Rocuronium (aka “Roc”)

A

These are all paralytics, but work differently

17
Q

How does Botulinum (Botox) toxin work?

A

presynaptic intracellular blockade of acetylcholine secretion- does not pass BBB, but if inject into venous system lungs will arrest

18
Q

How does Succinylcholine (Sux) work?

A

only depolarizing agonist of acetylcholine. not degraded by acetylcholinesterase; first causes fasciculations, then paralysis (sux it out)

19
Q

How does Rocuronium (Roc) work?

A

nondepolarizing, competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at post synaptic cleft can be used to dx: myasthenia gravis

20
Q

5 functions of the brain’s Frontal Lobe

A
Thought
Voluntary movement
Executive functions/problem solving
Speech production - broca's area
Personality/emotions/self-control
21
Q

__ lobe is Executive. In charge of major thoughts & voluntary movements including speaking.

A

Frontal lobe

22
Q

A stuttering problem can be damage to:

A

Broca’s area

23
Q

5 functions of Parietal lobe

A
Sensation
Speech comprehension- Wernicke’s area
Spacial recognition
Reading/Spelling
Arithmetic
24
Q

Frontal lobe has __ actions, whilst

Parietal lobe has __ actions

A

Frontal lobe: motor actions

Parietal lobe: sensory actions

25
Q

3 functions of temproal lobe

A

Hearing
More Memory(also in Frontal lobe)
Behavior

26
Q

Primary function of occipital lobe…

A

vision

27
Q

3 functions of Cerebellum

A

Balance
Coordination
Fine muscle control