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Flashcards in Neuro 1 pt10 Deck (24)
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1
Q

hallmarks of Huntington’s Ds (3)

how old when symptoms start?

A

Chorea, psychiatric problems & exectuve problems.

Typically middle-aged when they become symptomatic

2
Q

in the basal ganglia, failure of the direct pathway is Parkinson’s
failure of the indirect pathway is:

A

Huntington’s Disease

3
Q

Onset of Tourette Syndrome must be for how long (to properly dx)?

A

at least 1 year

4
Q

Motor usu. face, head, shoulders: sniffing, blinking, frowning, shoulder shrugging, head thrusting
Phonic usu. grunts, barks, hisses, throat clearing, coughs, verbal utterences including coprolalia(obscene speech)

A

Tourette Syndrome

5
Q
Define:
Echolalia 
Echopraxia 
Palilalia 
(what are these terms describing?
A

Echolalia (repitition of other’s speech
Echopraxia (repitition of other’s movmnts
Palilalia (repetition of words or phrases)
These are terms to describe Tourette Syndrome

6
Q

1st line tx of Tourette Syndrome

A

Alpha-adrenergic agonist - clonidine

7
Q

What is Wilson’s Disease?

A

Copper builds up in the body, causing
primarily involves liver and brain
neuro: dystonia, incoordination & tremor. Dysarthria and dysphagia are common. Some may mistake for PD.
dystonia of any body part leads to grotesque positions of limbs, neck, trunk. Also autonomic probs., memory loss, migraine type h/a and Sz’s.

8
Q

Damage to the extrapyramidal system will result in movement disorders known as:

A

dyskinesia

9
Q

characterized by involuntary single or repetitive jerks of a body part. If the jerks are repetitive, they can be rhythmic or non-rhythmic. They can be isolated to one muscle group or a number of muscles at the same time. These movements can occur spontaneously, but also to stimuli (visual, tactile or auditory).

A

Myoclonus

10
Q

Hiccups are a form of ___ (brief spasm of diaphragm.).

A

myoclonus

11
Q
  • these are rapid, repeatingly coordinated or patterned movements that are under partial control by the affected person. Often, the person will relate that they have an irresistible urge to perform the movements. They can often suppress the movements temporarily.
A

Tics

12
Q

characterized by rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless movements of a body part. Can be present at rest, during sustained postures, and during movement. Can be subtle or obvious. These movements can often be modified by the person after initial onset so that they are made to appear intentional in order to cover them up.

A

Chorea

13
Q

characterized by gross, abrupt contractions of axial and proximal muscles of the extremities that can produce flailing.

A

Ballism

14
Q
  • a relatively slow, writhing, purposeless movement of a body part.
A

Athetosis

15
Q

Athetosis is a major category of the effects of __

A

Cerebral Palsy

16
Q
  • a slow form of hyperkinesia characterized by involuntary abnormal postures resulting from excessive co-contraction of antagonistic muscles. Writers cramp is a form of this.
A

Dystonia

17
Q
  • a general term that designates a variety of muscular contractions. Tonic ones are prolonged. Clonic ones are repetitive, have a rapid onset, and are brief.
A

Spasm

18
Q

Name the types of Dyskinesias (8)

A

Myoclonus, Tics, Chorea, Ballism, Athetosis, Dystonia, Spasm, Tremor

19
Q

Rhythmic (periodic) movement of a body part.

A

Tremor

20
Q

Types of Tremors (4), when does each occur?

A

Resting tremors occur when a body part is at rest.
Postural tremor occurs when the body part is maintained against gravity.
Action tremor occurs during movement.
Terminal tremor occurs as the body part nears a target. Can be caused by cerebellar circuit problems.

21
Q

40 yo patient who lost libido, gained weight, is sluggish, comes in for evaluation. Dx a mass in pituitary. Which hormones are you worried about without a pituitary? (3)

A

ADH, Thyroid hormone, Cortisol

22
Q

Upper/low/both motor weakness?
Muscle weakness:
Numbness:
Vesiculations (unwanted muscle twitches)

A

Muscle weakness – both
Numbness – both
Vesiculations – upper

23
Q

What type of aphasia is Wernicke’s aphasia?

What type of aphasia is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s: receptive

Broca’s: expressive

24
Q

With MRI, when do u give Gatelinium (contrast)? (3)

A

If you’re looking for a lesion, abscess, brain tumor.