neuro Flashcards
(54 cards)
what are the diseases w/ cortical signs?
- polioencephalomalacia (PEM)
- Pb tox
- H2O tox/Na tox
- rabies
- thromboembolic meningoencephalitis (TEM)
- bacterial meningitis
what are the diseases w/ brainstem signs?
- listeriosis
- otitis media
what are the diseases of nerve function?
- tetanus
- botulism
- organophosphate tx
- chlorinated hydrocarbons
what are the cerebellar diseases?
- in utero viral infection (BVDV, aka bane, blue tongue
- cerebellar hypoplasia
- cerebellar abiotrophy
- lysosomal storage disease
what is the typical signalment for polioencephalomalacia?
young ruminants, feedlots
what are the C/S for PEM?
no unique C/S (neuro signs obvi, non-infection = afebrile), usually symmetrical
blind, ataxia, opisthotonus (star-gazing), dorsomedial strabismus, vestibular signs, muscle tremors, coma, death
how do you dx PEM?
C/S, response to thiamine inj
definitive = pathology
- PEM fluoresces!
what are the ddx for PEM?
Pb tox, Na/H2O tox
what is the pathophys for PEM?
low thiamine/B1 = disease (alters neuron metabolism)
sudden change to high carb diet, thiamine analogs, thiaminase producing plants (bracken fern), high sulphate in ration
what is the tx for PEM?
thiamine (10mg/kg IV/IM, BID-QID)
reduce CNS edema, supportive
what is the px for PEM? how do you prevent PEM?
px: good if tx early, guarded if recumbent
prevent: manage ration changes, provide alternative H2O source
what does Pb tox do to body in cows? what’s the pathophys?
high dose: ischemic encephalopathy and cerebral edema
mod dose: gastroenteritis
interferes w/ heme synthesis –> decreased RBC lifespan –> slow onset of mild anemia
what are the C/S of Pb tox?
found dead, GI (variable), aggressive behaviour, hyperesthesia, bellow, head-pressing, seizures, circling/ataxic/weak/recumbent, blind (normal PLR)
how do you dx Pb tox?
check feed/pasture walk/mixtures, whole blood Pb, urine, PM
how do you tx Pb tox?
remove from GIT, lead chelation (Ca-Na2-EDTA)
what must you do if you diagnose a Pb tox on a farm?
report it! It’s a REPORTABLE disease
cannot slaughter until [Pb] low enough (≤0.11 mg/kg)
what is the typical signalment for H2O tox or Na poisoning?
feeder calves/lambs, winter grazing (snow) - no free access to good water
IF FREE ACCESS TO GOOD WATER, THEN NOT H2O TOX OR NA POISONING
what are the causes of H2O tox/Na poisoning?
high salt water source, feed mix error, excessive salt intake
severe water deprivation –> sudden unrestricted access (goes from hypoosmolar to hyperosmolar)
what are the C/S of H2O tox/Na poisoning?
diarrhea, hemoglobinemia, hemoglubinuria, blind, lethargy, seizures, ataxia, recumbent, coma
on pathology for h2o tox or Na poisoning, what do you see?
brain edema, cerebrocortical necrosis
how do you dx H2O tox/Na poisoning?
C/S, hx, serum, CSF, hemoglobinuria
how do you tx h2o tox/Na poisoning
if H2O deprivation then suddenly free drink: diuretic
if salt tox: water access mgmt (controlled access to small amounts of water)
what is the typical hx and C/S for rabies?
hx: aberrant wildlife behaviour, delay of signs up to 6 months
C/S: rapid once clinical (dead <10-14d) –> recumbent, comatose, dead
dumb form, paralytic form, cerebral/furious form
how do you tx rabies? how do you control it?
tx: none
control: vax
