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Neuro Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

At what timepoint is a subdural hemorrhage considered chronic?

A

> 3wk

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2
Q

What cancers cause hemorrhagic mets to the brain? (5)

A
  1. lung & breast
  2. RCC
  3. thyroid
  4. chorioCA
  5. melanoma
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3
Q

68M w sudden R weak –> CT: acute lobar hemorrhage –> MRI: also mult peripheral microbleeds –> most likely dx?

A

acute hypertensive bleed with chronic hypertensive encephalopathy

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4
Q

68M h/o dementia –> sudden R weak, normal blood pressure –> CT: acute lobar hemorrhage –> MRI: also mult peripheral microbleeds –> most likely dx?

A

cerebral amyloid dz

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5
Q

spinal cord –> well-circumscribed intramedullary lesion with symmetric cord expansion –> dx?

A

cellular ependymoma of the spinal cord

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6
Q

internal auditory canal –> contains what nerves (4)?

A
  • facial N
  • cochlear N
  • superior vestibular N
  • inferior vestibular N
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7
Q

dura –> blood supply?

A

middle meningeal A

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8
Q

MC persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis

A

trigeminal A

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9
Q

2nd MC persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis

A

persistent hypoglossal A

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10
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy –> involves which brain structures? (5)

A

bilateral:
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- mamillary body
- tectal plate
- periaqueductal area

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11
Q

NF type 1 –> clinical presentation (mnenomic)

A

CAFE SPOT:

  • cafe au lait spots
  • axillary/inguinal freckling
  • (neuro)fibromas
  • eye hamartoma (Lisch nodule)
  • skeletal abnormalities
  • positive family hx
  • optic tumor (optic N glioma)
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12
Q

NF type 1 –> epidemiology

A

<8yo

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13
Q

NF type 1 –> pathology

A

inactivation of tumor suppressor gene –> hamartomatous disorder –> neurofibromas

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14
Q

NF type 1 –> increased risk for what?

A

increased incidence of numerous tumors

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15
Q

NF type 2 –> epidemiology

A

YA (18-24yo)

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16
Q

bilateral vestibular schwannoma –> dx?

A

NF type 2

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17
Q

NF type 2 –> characteristic features (3)?

A

MISME: mult inherited

  • schwannoma
  • meningioma
  • ependymoma
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18
Q

ACOM aneurysm –> hemorrhagic pattern?

A
  • interhemispheric subarachnoid hemorrhage

- frontal parenchymal hemorrhage

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19
Q

olfactory neuroblastoma –> classic sites of involvement? classic shape?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • cribiform plate
  • orbit
  • nasal

“dumbbell” shape as it passes thru cribiform plate

20
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> aka?

Study These Flashcards
A

orbital pseudotumor

21
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> clinical presentation?

Study These Flashcards
A

rapid onset –> unilat:

  • painful proptosis
  • diplopia
22
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> imaging features (2)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • enlargement of EOM

- inflamm of surrounding tissue –> ie. lacrimal gland, orbital fat, optic N sheath

23
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> differentiate from thyroid-assoc orbitopathy?

Study These Flashcards
A

IOI: involves tendons

TAO: tendon insertion pts are spared

24
Q

Marchiafava-Bignami –> epidemiology?

25
Marchiafava-Bignami --> classic imaging feature?
demyelination of corpus callosum
26
paraganglioma --> classic MRI signs? (2)
- salt & pepper: enhancing parenchmya & flow voids | - lightbulb: hyperintense T2
27
spine --> MC intradural extramedullary lesion?
meningioma or schwannoma
28
spine --> MC extradural lesion?
disc herniation
29
MC jugular foramen lesion?
paraganglioma
30
craniopharyngioma --> what are the 2 types? which is MC? which is ONLY in adults?
- #1 adamantinomatous | - papillary (adults only)
31
craniopharyngioma --> adamantinomatous type --> contains what tissue densities? (3)
- cyst - soft tissue - calcification
32
craniopharyngioma --> adamantinomatous type --> cystic component --> MRI --> T1/T2 characteristics? why?
"motor oil cyst" --> high protein content: T1: iso to hyper T2: hyper
33
diffuse axonal injury --> characteristic distribution?
- grey-white matter jx | - corpus callosum
34
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) --> pathophys?
AD mutation --> microvasculopathy --> young-middle age --> recurrent TIA/stroke --> vascular dementia
35
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) --> MRI findings?
widespread confluent white matter hyperintensities
36
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL): - classic location of early disease? - what locations are spared? (2)
classic: - ant temporal lobe - external capsule spares: - cortex - subcortical U-fibers
37
Rasmussen encephalitis --> epidemiology
children
38
Rasmussen encephalitis --> usu unilat or bilat?
unilat
39
Rasmussen encephalitis --> course of dz?
viral-induced autoimmune dz --> sz --> progressive loss of motor fx --> cognitive decline --> cerebral atrophy
40
MC neck paraganglioma
carotid body tumor
41
types of spinal vascular malformations? (4)
- dural AV fistula - AVM - cavernous malformation - capillary telangiectasia
42
MC type of spinal vascular malformation
dural AV fistula
43
spinal vascular malformation --> dural AV fistula --> findings? (2)
- cord edema & enlrg | - prominent serpiginous intradural extramedullary vessel
44
acute optic neuritis --> assoc w what condition? (2)
demyelinating diseases: - mult sclerosis - neuromyelitis optica
45
what is neuromyelitis optica?
autoimmune demyelinating dz --> acute optic neuritis & spinal cord involvement
46
neuromyelitis optica --> autoAb?
aquaporin-4
47
MOST common location of chordomas
sacrum

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