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COMPS review > Neuro & motor speech > Flashcards

Neuro & motor speech Flashcards

1
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

A collection of blood material that blocks the flow of blood

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2
Q

What is embolus?

A

Traveling mass of arterial debris or a clump of tissue from tumor that gets lodged in a smaller artery and blocks the flow of blood

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3
Q

What are hemorrhagic strokes?

A

Caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured blood vessels.

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4
Q

What’s the definition of aphasia?

A

Neurologically based language disorder

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5
Q

What aphasia a are no fluent?

A

Global

Broca’s

Transcortical motor aphasia

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6
Q

What are the fluent aphasias?

A

Wernicke’s

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Conductive

Anomia

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7
Q

Characteristics of broca’s aphasia?

A

No fluent, effortfull, slow, halting, and uneven speech

Limited word output, short phrases and sentences

Misarticulated or distorted speech sounds

A grammatical error telegraphic speech

Poor repetition

Inspired naming

Poor oral reading and comprehension

Monotonous speech

Aware of deficits

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8
Q

Characteristics of transcortical motor aphasia?

A

Absent or reduced spontaneous speech

Nonfluent, paraphasic, agrammatic, and telegraphic speech

Echolalia

Limited word fluency

Good comprehension

Slow and difficult reading aloud

Inspired writing

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9
Q

What is akinesia?

A

Decreased sense of movement

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10
Q

What is bradykinesia?

A

Slowness of movement

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11
Q

Characteristics of Wernicke’s?

A

Press of speech (logarrehea)

Rate of speech with normal and good articulation

Severe word finding problems

Neologisms

Circumlocutions

Empty speech (this, that, stuff & thing)

Impaired conversational turn taking

Impaired repetition skills

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12
Q

What is ischemic?

A

Blocked or interrupted blood supply to the brain.

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13
Q

Characteristics of global

A

Profound anomia

Virtually no speech output

Very poor auditory comp

Stereotypical utterances

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14
Q

Lesion site for Broca’s

A

Anterior MCA

Frontal lobe (posterior)

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15
Q

Lesion site for Wernicke’s

A

Posterior temporal gyrus

Posterior section of middle and inferior temporal gyrus

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16
Q

Lesion site for global

A

Impacts frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

Often caused by occlusion of MCA prior to branching in LH

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17
Q

Lesion site for transcortical motor aphasia

A

Sub cortical anterior to frontal horn of lateral ventricle (left frontal lobe)

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18
Q

Characteristics of transcortical motor

A

Non fluent

Good repetition

Good auditory comp

Impaired imitation

Phrase length ~ 5

Agrammatic

Telegraphic

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19
Q

Characteristics of conduction aphasia

A

Fluent

Good auditory comp

Poor repetitions

Self corrections

Phrase length WNL

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20
Q

Site of lesion for conduction aphasia

A

Arcuate fasciculus

21
Q

Characteristics of anomic aphasia

A

Good comprehension

Good repetition

Fluent

Circumlocutions

Semantic paraphasias

Phrase length- WNL

22
Q

Lesion sit for anomic aphasia

A

Inferotemporal gyrus

23
Q

Characteristics for transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Poor comprehension

Good repetition

Severe anomia

Fluent

Artic, prosody, grammar= good

Empty content

Perseveration

24
Q

Lesion site for transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Angular gyrus

Post middle temporal gyrus

Lateral part of occipital

25
Q

Treatment for AOS

A

Articulatory accuracy

Slower rate

Systematic practice

Gradual increase in the rate

Normal prosody

Self monitoring and self correction

26
Q

Treatment for aphasia

A

Auditory comprehension
single words
spoken sentences
yes/no & following directions

Verbal expression- naming
  use functional words
  use modeling to evoke
    incomplete sentences
    phonetic cues
    syllabic cues

Verbal expression- expanded utterances

Reading skills
survival reading skills
reading newspapers
reading and comprehending words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs

Writing skills
egocentric
functional words

27
Q

Types of dysarthria

A

flaccid

spastic dysarthria

hypokinetic dysarthria

hyperkinetic dysarthria

ataxia

UUMN

28
Q

Describe flaccid dysarthria

A

hyper nasality

deficits in automatic (reading, swallowing), reflexive (coughing), and voluntary (speech) movements

imprecise consonant productions

breathiness of voice

decreased loudness

monotone and slow rate of speech

common etiology: myasthenia graves, guillain-barre, ALS

29
Q

describe spastic dysarthria

A

Harsh

Strain-strangled

Low pitch

Slow rate

Pitch breaks

Slow and regular AMRs

30
Q

describe ataxia dysarthria

A

Irregular articulatory breakdowns (inconsistent)

Irregular AMRs

Excess and equal stress

Slow and inaccurate

Distorted vowels

“Drunken speech”

Poorly coordinate movement pattern

Scanning or staccato pattern of speech

Ataxic Gait

Friedrich’s Ataxia

31
Q

describe hypo kinetic dysarthria

A

Decreased ROM

Affects aspects of motor control (preparation, maintenance, switching of motor programs)

Increased rate of speech with reduced intelligibility

Monopitch and monoloudness

Palilalia

Associated with basal ganglia pathology (Parkinson’s)

32
Q

What is AOS?

A

Apraxia of speech. A motor planning disorder, that primarily affects prosody and articulation

33
Q

Where is the site of lesions for AOS?

A

Left hemisphere, motor strip and Broca’s area. Frequently co-exists with Broca’s aphasia

34
Q

Characteristics of apraxia of speech

A

Slow rate

Excess and equal stress

Groping

Inconsistent errors

35
Q

Assessment for AOS

A

Imitative speech tasks, phonemes, syllables, and progressively longer words

DDK (they won’t be able to do these)

Automatic speech tasks

Picture descriptions

Limb movement to rule out limb apraxia

WAB or apraxia battery for adults

36
Q

Tx for AOS

A

Repetition

Articulating accuracy

slower rate

Modification of prosody

Encourage client to communicate in whichever mode is best for them (writing, a communication book, gestures, or speech)

37
Q

What is Dysarthria

A

It is a neurological speech disorder

38
Q

What is the hallmark for dysarthria?

A

Impaired muscle control

In addition, it may impact all systems of language

39
Q

Characteristics of ataxic dysarthria and the systems of speech

A

Phonation: mono pitch, monoloud, harsh quality

Articulation:imprecise consonants, distorted vowels. Drunken speech

Prosody: prolonged phonemes and word junction, slow rate of speech, excess and even stress

Other: gait disturbances and uncoordinated, slow, halting movements

40
Q

Characteristics of spastic dysarthria and the systems of speech

A

Results from bilateral damage to the UMN

Respiration: short phrases, reduced AMEs/DDK

Phonation: mono pitch, monoloud, harsh, strained-strangled

Articulation: imprecise consonants, distorted vowels

Prosody: reduced stress, slow rate

Other: muscle spasticity and weakness, hyperactive gag reflex, reduced range and slowness of movement

41
Q

Characteristics of flaccid dysarthria and the systems of speech

A

Damage to CN that I control LMN

Respiration: weakness linked to CN weakness, short phrases

Phonation: breathy quality, audible inspiration, monoloudness

Articulation: imprecise consonants

Resonance: hypernasality

Other: muscle twitches and other muscular disorders

42
Q

Characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria and the systems of speech

A

Huntington’s

Basal ganglia

Respiration: audible inspiration and forced or sudden inspiration or expedition

Phonation: voice tremor, intermittent strained voice, harsh voice, voice stopping, dystonia

Articulation: imprecise consonants, distorted vowels

Prosody: slower rate, excess loudness, equal stress

Resonance: hypernasality

Other: trimmers and ticks, movement disorders including facial and in movements, involuntary movements, abrupt and the severe contractions of extremities, and neck spasms.

43
Q

Characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria and the systems of speech

A

Basil ganglia

Respiration: irregular, rapid rate of breathing, reduced to vital capacity

Phonation: mono pitch mono loud, breathy or harsh quality

Articulation: imprecise confidence, “stuttering like” repetitions

Prosody: reduced stress, short bursts, inappropriate silences

Other: “masked” face, resting tremor, rigidity and increased muscle tone, micrographic writing, decreased swelling

44
Q

Assessment for dysarthria

A

Obtain medical history

Obtain a conversational speech sample and a reading sample to evaluate connected speech

Assess DDKs

OME

Determine the speech intelligibility rating

Frenchay dysarthria assessment

45
Q

Intervention for dysarthria

A

Dysarthria is very unique, intervention varies

Postural adjustments for adequate respiration

Slow rate

Over articulation

AAC

biofeedback fur resonance and phonation

SLOP

46
Q

5 parameters of dysarthria

A

Respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation and prosody

47
Q

Lesion site for AOS

A

Left hemisphere, frontal lobe

More cortical than sub cortical

48
Q

What two types of blockages are there?

A

Thrombosis and embolism

COMPS review (17 decks)

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