neuro test 1 pwp 1

Question 1

central nervous system consists of two main structues known as

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

main parts of the brain

Answer 2

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem

Question 3

parts of the diencephalon

Answer 3

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland and pituitary gland

Question 4

the brain is contained within the

Answer 4

cranial cavity

Question 5

thalamus is known as the

Answer 5

hwy or executive secretary of the

Question 6

pineal gland secretes which major hormone

Answer 6

melatonin

Question 7

what is the position of the pituitary in relation to the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

in front of it

Question 8

parts of the brainstem

Answer 8

midbrain
pons
medulla

Question 9

peripheral nervous system

Answer 9

all nervous tissue outside the axial skeleton

Question 10

how many pairs of spinal nerves are within PNS?

Answer 10

31

Question 11

how many pairs of CNs within the PNS?

Answer 11

12

Question 12

Ganglia house

Answer 12

sensory and autonomic

Question 13

somatic nervous system supplies

Answer 13

afferent and efferent nerves to the body wall & extremities

Question 14

visceral nervous system supplies

Answer 14

afferent & efferent nerves to the viscera

Question 15

sensory pathway originate from the _____

Answer 15

periphery

Question 16

impulses sensed by afferent fibers in PNS travel to where

Answer 16

the CNS

Question 17

conscious sensory pathway requires how many neurons?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

conscious sensory pathway leads to what portion of the brain?

Answer 18

cerebral cortex & the thalamus is involved

Question 19

unconscious control sensory pathway involves how many neurons

Answer 19

2

Question 20

unconscious control portion of the sensory pathway leads to where in the brain and bypasses which structure?

Answer 20

leads to the cerebellum and bypasses the thalamus

Question 21

spinocerebellar tract transmits info about which portions of the body?

Answer 21

trunk and lower limb muscles and tendons

Question 22

spinocerebellar tract sends info to which portion of the brain?

Answer 22

the cerebellum

Question 23

is the spinocerebellar tract conscious or unconscious?

Answer 23

unconscious

Question 24

dorsal column tract (medial lemniscal pathway) run only in which column

Answer 24

dorsal

Question 25

Dorsal column tract transmits impulses from where in the body?

Answer 25

from receptors in the skin and joints

Question 26

what kind of sensation does the DCML detect?

Answer 26

proprioception, discriminative touch

Question 27

DCML: 1st order neuron synapses with the 2nd O.N. in the

Answer 27

nucleus gracilis OR cuneatus of the medulla

Question 28

3rd order neuron (thalamic neuron) transmits impulse to where in the brain? For sensory pathway

Answer 28

somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)

Question 29

UMN is totally contained within

Answer 29

CNS

Question 30

where are most organelles held in the CNS

Answer 30

Cell body

Question 31

UMN for the motor pathway can originate from either the

Answer 31

cerebral cortex OR subcortical

Question 32

beloew the cortex is also known as the

Answer 32

red nucleus

Question 33

UMN carry motor commands to either the

Answer 33

spinal cord or the brainstem

Question 34

UMN axons are housed entirely within the

Answer 34

CNS

Question 35

where is the cell body of a LMN located?

Answer 35

CNS

Question 36

Where is the axon the LMN located?

Answer 36

PNS

Question 37

LMN originates from either the

Answer 37

brainstem or the spinal cord

Question 38

What are the two groups of UMN (tracts) for motor?

Answer 38

pyramidal tract & extrapyramidal tract

Question 39

pyramidal umn group contains 2 tracts known as

Answer 39

corticospinal tract & corticobulbar/corticonuclear fibers

Question 40

corticospinal tract pathway is located between which 2 structures?

Answer 40

motor cortex & spinal cord

Question 41

corticospinal tract pathway is responsible for

Answer 41

controlling voluntary fine skilled movements of the extremities

Question 42

Which pathway of the umn pyramidal tract do you use when writing

Answer 42

corticospinal tract

Question 43

Corticobulbar/corticonuclear fibers locations

Answer 43

between the motor cortex and brain stem

Question 44

Corticobulbar/corticonuclear fibers responsible for

Answer 44

voluntary skeletal muscles supplied by cranial nerves

Question 45

extrapyramidal (indirect) tract is located between the

Answer 45

subcortical centers and and the spinal cord

Question 46

extrapyramidal (indirect) is responsible for controlling

Answer 46

voluntary muscle movements

Question 47

2 groups of LMN within the extrapyramidal tract?

Answer 47

anterior horn cells of the spinal cord & motor nuclei of cranial nerves in the brainstem

Question 48

neuraxis (CNS) forms the letter

Answer 48

T

Question 49

neuraxis is the axis of the

Answer 49

CNS

Question 50

(hemisphere) rostral

Answer 50

toward the front

Question 51

(hemisphere) caudal

Answer 51

towards the back of the brain

Question 52

occipital lobe is ___ to the frontal lobe

Answer 52

caudal

Question 53

(hemisphere) ventral

Answer 53

inferior surface of the brain

Question 54

(hemisphere) dorsal

Answer 54

superior surface of the brain

Question 55

the parietal lobe is at what anatomical direction

Answer 55

dorsal

Question 56

(brainstem and spinal cord) | rostral

Answer 56

superior

Question 57

(brainstem and spinal cord) | caudal

Answer 57

inferior towards the bottom

Question 58

ventral (brainstem and spinal cord)

Answer 58

towards the front

Question 59

dorsal (brainstem and spinal cord)

Answer 59

towards the back

Question 60

meddulla oblongate is _____ to the midbrain

Answer 60

caudal

Question 61

the cerebellum is _____ to the pons

Answer 61

dorsal

Question 62

white matter of the brain consists of

Answer 62

myelin (oligodendrocytes - CNS) blood vessels astrocytes

Question 63

gray matter of the brain is the site of

Answer 63

information processing

Question 64

gray matter of the brain consists of

Answer 64

``` neurons in the cerebral cortex basal ganglia unmyelinated axons dendrites synaptic terminals neuroglial cells astrocytes: BBB microglial cells Blood vessels ```

Question 65

microglial are a version of a

Answer 65

monocyte

Question 66

basal ganglia is important for

Answer 66

planning and organizing movement and posture. keep movement controlled within the prox. limbs and trunk eliminates unwanted movements

Question 67

basal ganglia is most active when

Answer 67

movement is first initiated

Question 68

3 types of fibers in the white matter

Answer 68

association commissural projection

Question 69

lesion of coricobulbar tract will most likely result in

Answer 69

facial problems

Question 70

dorsal horn is associatead with

Answer 70

sensory

Question 71

spinothalamic tract deccusates at the ______ level while the DCML decussates at the _____ level

Answer 71

1. vertebral body | 2. medulla oblongata