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Neuroanatomy Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Brain anatomy (94 cards)

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1
Q

What cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in?

A

Posterior Cranial Fossa

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2
Q

What CN’s emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CNVI, CNVII, CNVII

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3
Q

What is the function of the pyramids of the medulla?

A

Carry motor fibres to spinal cord and brain stem

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4
Q

What are the functions of the olives of the medulla ?

A

Aid sound perception and motor learning

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5
Q

Where does the “open” part of the medulla open onto?

A

The fourth ventricle

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6
Q

Where does the medulla become the spinal cord?

A

Foramen Magnum

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7
Q

What is the middle cerebellar penduncle made up of?

A

Centripetal fibres

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8
Q

What lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

A

The thalamus

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9
Q

What lies immediately inferior to the midbrain?

A

The pons

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10
Q

What do cerebral peduncles connect?

A

The midbrain to the cerebrum

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11
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and the hypothalamus

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12
Q

What does the diencephalon lie between?

A

Telencephalon and the midbrain

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13
Q

What is the name of the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

The Vermis

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14
Q

What is the name of the ventricular space which lies anterior to the cerebellum?

A

The 4th ventricle

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15
Q

What is the name of the large fissure which separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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16
Q

What lines the longitudinal fissure?

A

The Falx Cerebri

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17
Q

What type of nerve fibres are carried in the corpus callosum?

A

Commisural

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18
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex found?

A

Frontal Lobe

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19
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex found?

A

Occiptal Lobe

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20
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex found?

A

Parietal Lobe

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21
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex found?

A

Temporal Lobe

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22
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate in an adult?

A

L1/L2

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23
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate in a new born?

A

L3

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24
Q

Where does the dura mater terminate?

A

S2

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25
At which spinal level does arachnoid mater terminate?
S2
26
At which vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture?
L3/L4
27
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
28
From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise?
Subclavian
29
What artery links the ICA to the post. cerebral arteries?
Post. Communication Artery
30
What does the vertebro-basilar system supply?
Brain stem, occipital lobes and cerebellum
31
What artery runs immediately superior to the superior cerebellar arteries?
Posterior Cerebral Artery
32
Which cranial nerve lies just above the sup. cerebellar artery?
Occulomotor
33
The carotid sinus is located at the terminal part of which artery?
The ICA
34
Where are dural venous sinuses found?
Between the periosteum and the cranial dura
35
Where do dural venous drain?
Into the IJV
36
Which foramen does the IJV pass through?
The jugular foramen
37
What is the fold of dura which surrounds the pituitary stalk called?
Diaphragm sellae
38
Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain?
The cavernous sinus
38
The vertebral and the posterior spinal artery fuse to form which artery?
The anterior spinal artery
40
Where does the falx cerebri attach posteriorly?
Upper Surface of the Cerebellar Tentorium
41
Where does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly?
The crista gali, frontal and ethmoid sinuses
42
The posterior spinal arteries are branches of which arteries?
The vertebral and inferior cerebellar arteries
43
Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?
The superior saggital sinus
44
Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the falx cerebri?
Inferior sagittal sinus
45
What embryological structures form the ventricles?
The forebrain and the hindbrain
46
What fluid circulates the subarachnoid space?
The CSF
47
What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli?
Occipital lobes of cerebrum and the cerebellum
48
What bony process does the tentorium cerebelli attach to anteriorly?
Clinoid process of the sphenoid
49
Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium?
The straight sinus
50
The medial portion of the cerebrum contains which system?
The limbic system
51
What generates CSF within ventricles?
Choroid Plexus'
52
What branch of the maxillary artery supplies the dura mater?
The Middle Meningeal Artery
53
Where is CSF reabsorbed back into general circulation?
Arachnoid Granulations
54
What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
The Corpus Callosum
55
What sulcus separates the brain into the anterior and posterior sections?
The Central Sulcus
56
What lobe lies anterior to the precentral gyrus?
The frontal lobe
57
The parietal, occipital and temporal lobe lie posterior to which strucure?
The post-central gyrus
58
What connects the inferior petrosal sinuses?
The basilar plexus
59
What drains into the cavernous sinus?
The superior and anterior ophthalmic veins, superficial middle cerebral vein, and sphenoparietal sinus
60
What structures in the skull base is the cavernous sinus closely related to?
The temporal and sphenoid bone, bilateral to the sella turcica
61
The middle meningeal artery supplies what ?
The dura mater
62
The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through which foramen?
The foramen spinosum
63
The maxillary artery is a branch of which artery?
The ECA
64
The ventricular system is formed by which embryological structure?
The neural tube
65
Where does the foramen of monro lie ?
The Hypothalamus
66
Where does the lateral ventricle lie within the brain? Give detail
Ant. Horn - Frontal Lobe Body - Frontal and Parietal Lobe Post. Horn - Occipital and Parietal lobe Inferior Horn- Temporal lobe
67
Where does the third ventricle lie within the brain ?
thalamus
68
Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie within the brain?
Midbrain
69
Where does the fourth ventricle lie within the brain?
The Pons
70
Name the four parts of the corpus callosum?
Rostrum, Genu, Body and Splenium
71
What separates the two anterior horns of the lateral ventricle?
Septum Pellucidum
72
The thalamus is made up of which type of fibres?
Grey matter fibres
73
Name some functions of the thalamus?
Regulate body temperature, hormones, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythm, processing fear
74
What lies on top of the pituitary gland?
The diaphragma sellae
75
What fibres make up the internal nucleus?
white mater (myelinated axons)
76
What kind of fibres connect cerebral hemispheres with other bits of the brain?
Projection fibres
77
What artery supplies the internal capsule?
The middle cerebral artery
78
Which aspect of the spinal cord receives sensory nerve fibres?
Dorsal Root
79
Which aspect of the spinal cord receives motor nerve fibres?
Ventral Horn
80
Where does the middle cerebral artery lie?
The central sulcus
81
Where does the anterior cerebral artery lie ?
The longitudinal fissure
82
Where does the posterior cerebral artery lie?
The junction between the midbrain and pons
83
Where does the basilar artery lie close to?
The pontomedullary junction
84
What does the medial genticulate nucleus conduct?
Sound
85
What does the lateral genticulate nucleus conduct?
Visual Information
86
What drains the fourth ventricle?
The foramen of magendie
87
What artery causes a extradural haematoma?
Middle meningeal artery = branch of maxillary artery
88
What nerves are connected to the cavernous sinus?
Facial and abducens nerve
89
What arteries does the occulomotor nerve pass through?
The posterior and superior cerebral arteries
90
What would occur during a hemisection of the spine?
Contralateral loss of PAIN and TEMPERATURE below lesion (AS SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT DECUSSATES AT SAME LEVEL OF SPINAL ROOT ENTRY) Ipsilateral loss of vibration and touch below lesion (as DCML has already decussated at medulla) Ipsilateral spasticity below lesion(Corticospinal tract has also decussated at medulla)
91
Where does the middle menigeal artery enter the cranium?
Foramen spinosum
92
What occurs with a hypoglossal nerve palsy?
Tongue deviates TOWARD side of lesion
93
What blood vessels cause a subdural haemorrhage?
Bridging veins
94
How is the SCM innervated?
By CNXI

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