Neuroanatomy Flashcards by Rebecca White

60 y/o right-handed M, getting lost, only writes on right half of paper. Left-sided hemineglect. Where is the lesion? (8x)

RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

66 y/o with HTN develops vertigo, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, hiccups, L face numbness,
nystagmus, hoarseness, ataxia of limbs, staggering gait, and tendency to fall to the left. What is the likely diagnosis?
(8x)

LATERAL MEDULLARY STROKE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

78 y/o pt had an ischemic stroke that left him with a residual mild hemiplegia. Pt appeared
to be unaware that there was a problem of weakness on one side of this body. When asked
to raise the weak arm, the patient raised his normal arm. When the failure to raise the
paralyzed arm was pointed out to pt, he admitted that the arm was slightly weak. He also
neglects this side of the body when dressing and grooming. Pt did not shave one side of his
face, had difficulty putting a shirt on when it was turned inside out. Area of brain likely
affected by stroke? (4x)

RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

26 y/o with headache and R-hand clumsiness for weeks. Exam shows difficulty w/rapid alternating
movements of hand, overt intention tremor on finger-to-nose, and mildly dysmetric finger
tamping. CNS intact and no papilledema. Where will damage show on MRI? (5x)

CEREBELLUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adult neurogenesis occurs in which area of the brain? (x2)

HIPPOCAMPUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A previously pleasant mom becomes profane and irresponsible over a 6 month period. She most likely has pathology in which part of her brain? (2x)

FRONTAL LOBE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rapid onset of right facial weakness, left limb weakness, diplopia mostly like indicates what? (2x)

BRAIN STEM INFARCTION

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MRI scan of head reveals an infarct in distribution of left anterior cerebral artery. Pt most
likely exhibits what deficits? (2x)

WEAKNESS OF CONTRALATERAL FOOT AND

LEG

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neurogenesis in adult brain is restricted to what part of the hippocampal formation?

DENTATE GYRUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In bipolar disorder, patients have decreased connectivity in what parts of the brain?

AMYGDALA AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What biogenic amine is made in the Locus Coeruleus

NOREPINEPHRINE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The CNS response to fear is mediated by what specific part of this brain structure?

CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What brain area is activated by subliminal presentations of emotional faces?

AMYGDALA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which CNS region containing dopaminergic neurons projects to the caudate and putamen?

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which area of the brain is responsible for face recognition?

FUSIFORM GYRUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which area of brain remembers a number to make a phone call?

DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which part of the cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic cortical circuit evaluates painful stimuli?

LATERAL ORBITOFRONTAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, striatum and ____ are part of a loop circuit that produces
worry and obsessive symptoms

THALAMUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The blood brain barrier is made up of what kind of cells?

ENDOTHELIAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Orexin is made in what part of the brain?

HYPOTHALAMUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dopamine neurons from which system are primarily implicated in tasks related to cognitive
processing?

MESOCORTICAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which dopaminergic pathway includes the nucleus accumbens and mediates addiction and
associated behaviors?

MESOLIMBIC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Development of brain grey-matter volume peaks at what stage?

LATE CHILDHOOD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In a patient with hippocampal damage, what brain structure still allows them to learn new skills like playing tennis?

BASAL GANGLIA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

65 y/o pt has a stroke which causes him to fall. On exam, he is found to have weakness of the right leg, with only minor weakness of the right hand, no weakness of the face, and no sensory deficit. Speech is not affected, but pt seems unusually quiet and passive. The stroke most likely involves which artery?

LEFT ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

Hemisensory loss followed by pain and hyperpathia involving all modalities and reaching the midline of the trunk and head is most consistent with ischemia in the distribution of which of the following arteries?

POSTERIOR CEREBRAL

Right-side palsy with equal involvement of the face, arm and leg combined with third nerve palsy is most likely due to occlusion of a branch of which artery?

POSTERIOR CEREBRAL

Bilateral lower extremity weakness, abulia, mutism, urinary incontinence are most likely to result from occlusion of which arteries?

ANTERIOR CEREBRAL

Pure sensory deficit extending to midline and involving face, arm, trunk, and leg, caused by a lacunar infarct where?

LATERAL THALAMUS

Blocking the R PCA (posterior cerebral artery) causes which visual disturbance?

LEFT HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA

The clinical syndrome associated with occlusion of the cortical branch of the posterior cerebral artery would result in what visual and neurologic deficits?

HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPIA WITH ALEXIA | WITHOUT AGRAPHIA

28 y/o cocaine user complains of LBP, numbness in both legs and feet, thighs, buttocks, abdomen, and says R leg is weak and clumsy, L leg is tired. Has urinary incontinence and difficulty walking. Decreased light touch, pinprick, and temperature. Normal vibration and proprioception. DTR is hard to elicit. Muscle tone is normal. Decreased strength in B/L LE but worse on right. Diagnosis?

ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY INFARCTION

Loss of ability to execute previously learned motor activities (which is not the result of demonstrable weakness, ataxia or sensory loss) is associated with lesions in what part of the brain?

LEFT PARIETAL CORTEX

Pt has normal Romberg w/ eyes open but loses balance with eyes closed. Where in the brain is the abnormality?

CEREBELLAR VERMIS

Motor speech paradigm activation task on fMRI shows hyperactivity in the right temporal lobe. Where in the brain is the damage?

CALCARINE FISSURE

Aphasia w/ effortful fragmented, non-fluent, telegraphic speech, is seen in a lesion in what part of the brain?

POSTERIOR FRONTAL LOBE

A pituitary tumor that protrudes through the diaphragmatic sella is most likely to cause?

BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA

Conduction aphasia often occurs as a result of damage to which structure?

ARCUATE FASCICULUS

Unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, unsteadiness, falls, headaches, mild facial weakness and ipsilateral limb ataxia is most commonly associated with tumors in what locations?

CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE

20 y/o with 1-year history of bitemporal headaches, polydipsia, polyuria, and bulimia plus 2-month h/o emotional outbursts, aggression, and transient confusion. Neuro exam normal. What will MRI of brain show?

HYPOTHALAMIC TUMOR

34 y/o M is referred for psychiatric evaluation 5 years after sustaining a head injury at work. Prior to the accident, he was a stable, happily married man. Since the accident, he has been described as overly talkative and restless. His wife divorced him because he was acting irresponsibly, which also resulted in termination from his job. Psychometric testing reveals that the man has average intelligence and no detectable memory deficits. Pt’s clinical presentation is most consistent with damage to which to the following brain areas?

FRONTAL LOBE

Pt reports headaches and peripheral visual loss. Visual field defects involving the temporal fields of both eyes are detected. An MRI scan is likely to reveal?

A MASS IN THE SELLA TURCICA

Unconsciousness can be induced by a small area of damage where in the brain?

RETICULAR FORMATION

A patient has acute onset of hemiballismus of LUE & LLE. MRI is most likely to show lesion located where?

SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

Akinetic mutism can result from bilateral infarctions of which structure in the brain?

ANTERIOR CINGULATE GYRUS

Lesions in which part of the brain cause bilateral coarse nystagmus worsening with visual fixation and present with horizontal and vertical gaze?

BRAINSTEM

32 y/o pt with 1-month hx of worsening headaches, episodic mood swings and occasional hallucinations with visual, tactile and auditory content. CT head reveals tumor where:

TEMPORAL LOBE

What roles does the cerebellum do in the human adult brain?

DIVERSE ROLES IN MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, AND | LEARNING

Syndrome characterized by fluent speech, preserved comprehension, inability to repeat, without any other associated signs. Where is the brain lesion located?

SUPRAMARGINAL GYRUS OR INSULA

Lesions in mammillary bodies will produce what symptoms?

AMNESIA, CONFABULATION, LACK OF INSIGHT

62yo progressive personality changes, has dull emotions, lack of initiative, and apathy. An autopsy is likely to show atrophy of what part of the brain?

FRONTAL LOBE

Implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes is an effective tx for Parkinson’s. Optimal location for electrodes?

SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

Deep brain stimulation in which brain structure is a useful treatment for primary generalized dystonia?

GLOBUS PALLIDUS

Mesolimbic DA pathway includes which structures?

VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA, VENTRAL STRIATUM, NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, OLFACTORY TUBERCLE

In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these neurons reside in which area of the brain?

VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA

Neural plasticity is largely mediated through the capacity to rapidly change in number and morphology of what?

DENDRITIC SPINES

The uncinated fasciculus connects which of the following brain areas?

ANTERIOR, TEMPORAL, AND VENTRAL PREFRONTAL | REGIONS

What are the cortical columns?

FUNCTIONAL UNITS FOR INFORMATION | PROCESSING

Abnormal emotional expressions such as pathological laughter or crying are caused by lesions affecting cortical subcortical circuits linking frontal cortex, pons and what other brain structure?

CEREBELLUM

Exposure to light effects which brain structure?

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS

When does synaptogenesis peak?

FIRST 4 YEARS OF LIFE

Why does the brain rapidly increase in size from birth to two years old?

SYNAPTOGENESIS OF NEURONS

Where does the neuron morphology in the brain change the most?

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

Threatening objects produce startle response prior to person becoming consciously aware because of the connection of thalamus to what other brain structure?

AMYGDALA

Huntington's disease is characterized by loss of neurons producing which neurotransmitter?

GABA

17y/o is evaluated for binge eating associated with a 60 lb weight gain over the past four months. CT shows a craniopharyngioma that likely disrupts what structure?

VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS

What is an accurate statement about the brain’s default mode network?

IS INVOLVED IN REPROCESSING PREVIOUSLY | EXPERIENCED STIMULI

The most likely reason that adults are superior to adolescents in abstract thinking is that the brain undergoes:

SYNAPTIC PRUNING

The dorsal-lateral-pre-frontal cortex plays an important role in what activity?

WORKING MEMORY

Drug abuse activates these neuro circuits, generating signals in the ventral tegmental area to where?

DOPAMINE INTO THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS

Ninety-five percent of right-handed people develop left hemispheric dominance for language. What percentage of left handed people develop left hemispheric dominance for language?

75%

What neural pathway is responsible for mediating reactive aggression?

AMYGDALA-HYPOTHALAMUS-PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY

What area of frontal cortex is activated in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test during shifting of cognitive sets?

DORSOLATERAL

After middle age, what regions of the brain have decreasing sleep spindle density?

FRONTAL AND OCCIPITAL LOBES

What neurodevelopmental process predominantly occurs during adolescence and young adulthood?

SYNAPTIC PRUNING

In what structure in the brain are circadian rhythms related to sleep behavior set and maintained?

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS

What sensation is transmitted through the spinothalamic tract?

PAIN

The ability to temporarily store and manipulate information such as in mental arithmetic is known as what type of memory?

WORKING MEMORY

Neural circuit that connects anterolateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior part of the putamen, and the thalamus is involved in what cognitive function?

AFFECTIVE PROCESSING

What type of glial cells form myelin sheaths in the PNS?

SCHWANN

Region of the brain most closely associated with cortical processing of faces?

LEFT PARIETAL

This hypothalamic nuclei is key to integration of neural and nutrient signals with hormonal signals from the small intestine, pancreas, liver, adipose tissue and brainstem

ARCUATE NUCLEUS

Region of brain connected with the anterior medial frontal cortex during recognition of affective behavior by mirror neuron system.

INSULA

Corticotropin-releasing hormone is release from which brain region during stress?

PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

(84 cards)