Neuroembryology SDL

Question 1

anencephaly

Answer 1

failure of anterior neuropore to close

Question 2

craniorachischisis

Answer 2

total failure of neuralation

Question 3

encephalocele

Answer 3

partial failure

Question 4

lissencephaly

Answer 4

smooth brain, few gyri

Question 5

meningocele

Answer 5

fluid filled sac of meninges, neuro symptoms

Question 6

myelomeningecele

Answer 6

neural tissue included in fluid filled protruding sac, neuro symptoms

Question 7

pachgyri

Answer 7

broad gyri, too few

Question 8

polygyri

Answer 8

small gyri

Question 9

schizencephaly

Answer 9

cleft brain, paralysis, seizures

Question 10

spina bifida occulta

Answer 10

defect in vertebral arches, no neuro symptoms, secondary neurulation problem

Question 11

tethered spinal cord

Answer 11

fixed caudal end of spinal cord

Question 12

Process of neural plate formation

Answer 12

1. midline axial mesoderm forms notochord

2. notochord induces overlying ectoderm to form neural plate

Question 13

Anterior neuropore closes..

Answer 13

day 25

Question 14

Posterior neuropore closes..

Answer 14

day 27

Question 15

risk factors for neural tube defects

Answer 15

low folic acid, maternal diabetes, epilepsy drugs, hyperthermia

Question 16

protein level in neural tube defects

Answer 16

alpha-fetal protein

Question 17

Sonic hedgehog

Answer 17

signals ectoderm –> neuroecotderm

Question 18

bone morphogenic protein

Answer 18

dorsoventral differntiatoin and dorsal spinal cord

Question 19

homeobox genes

Answer 19

important for anterior-posteriod axis development and secondary neurulation