neurogenesis

Question 1

site of mammalian neurogenesis

Answer 1

apical surface of neural tube

Question 2

cell cycle S phase

Answer 2

synthesis of DNA

Question 3

symmetric divisions

Answer 3

early embryogenesis to proliferate a lot of progenitors -> create a big pool

Question 4

asymmetric division

Answer 4

two different daughter cells
to terminate progenitor production

Question 5

songbirds

Answer 5

evidence for adult neurogenesis in NSC

Question 6

quiescence

Answer 6

Key feature of neurogenesis
Can exit cycle and stay in G0
Minimises cell damage
Ensures pool isn’t fully depleted
We don’t know how to activate them
Smaller

Question 7

fruit fly - embryonic neurogenesis 3 steps

Answer 7

Activate proneural genes
Lateral inhibition via NOTCH signalling
Delamination of neuroblasts followed by asymmetric division

Question 8

delta & notch

Answer 8

delta - ligand
notch - receptor

Question 9

lateral inhibition via notch

Answer 9

Delta binds to notch which activates SuH which induced E(spl) turning off ASC = no delta formation = can’t activate neuronal

Question 10

overexpression of notch

Answer 10

all ectoderm

Question 11

no notch

Answer 11

all neuroblasts

Question 12

pros

Answer 12

shuts off proliferative nature
converts NB to ganglia mother cell (for differentiation)

Question 13

miranda

Answer 13

tethers pros to the cortex

Question 14

what happens when pros, brat, mira are mutated?

Answer 14

can’t localise (switch off proliferative)
continues to behave like stem cell

Question 15

overgrowth of NB

Answer 15

tumour
(however this wont happen in embryos)

Question 16

ectopic stem cells are ______ proliferative

Answer 16

HIGHLY proliferative

Question 17

DamID

Answer 17

used to identify target genes of Pros
see where the markers bind

Question 18

nerfin 1

Answer 18

Keeps cell in stem cell state
Upregulated in children’s tumours
When inject nerfin-1: size similar to neurons (are we reverting back)
Nerfin-1 injection -> edu+ -> neural stem cells

Question 19

mlnsc and asg3 (pins) important for ??

Answer 19

asymmetric division

Question 20

type I vs type II NB (fruit fly)

Answer 20

type 1 not rapid
type 2 produces 6 neurons therefore more rapid

Question 21

end of neurogenesis - fruit fly

Answer 21

Terminal symmetric division
At very end of cycle
Smaller NSC = no longer a NSC

overexpress pros before proliferation

Or, switch off glycolysis (which usually gives replenishment energy)

Question 22

how do we know nutrients are necessary to reactive NB?

Answer 22

didnt happen in starved

Question 23

nutritional signals

Answer 23

Necessary for replenishment
Signals activate PI3K signalling to trigger cell cycle entry for NB (throug insulin like peptides)

Question 24

what transcription factor when young

Answer 24

red, hb