Neurological Concepts

Question 1

Parts of the Nervous System

Answer 1

CNS (brain and spinal cord)
PNS (Spinal and cranial nerves)

Question 2

Neuroscientific Principles

Answer 2

Interconnectivity
centrality of CNS
functional networking
laterality
topographical representation
neutrality and individuality
neuroplasticity

Question 3

interconnectivity

Answer 3

brain regions are interconnected making it possible for constant integration of information because of specialized neural connections

Question 4

centrality of CNS

Answer 4

incoming/outgoing information
analyzing and synthesizing information

Question 5

laterality organization

Answer 5

left brain dominant for language
right brain dominant for emotions, visual spatial tasks, musical skills
contralateral sensorimotor control

Question 6

functional networking

Answer 6

brain has afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) paths for processing different types of info/function

Question 7

topographical organization

Answer 7

structures organized based on functions

Question 8

homunculus

Answer 8

discrete representation of body surfaces and muscles in brain

Question 9

neuroplasticity

Answer 9

ability to reorganize brain tissue functions
aids recovery of lost functions

Question 10

brains neutrality

Answer 10

brain power is independent of gender, color, culture, size, shape, weight

Question 11

why do we need to study neuroscience in field of SLP/A?

Answer 11

speak language and better communicate with neurologists
choose appropriate testing instruments
predict problems patients are likely to have
documenting change/efficacy of treatment
knowledge of neuroplasticity helping with effective treatment

Question 12

neuroanatomy

Answer 12

study of nervous systems structure

Question 13

neurophysiology

Answer 13

study of nervous systems function

Question 14

neuropathology

Answer 14

study of nervous system diseases

Question 15

neurosurgery

Answer 15

removal or repair of structures impairing normal nervous system function

Question 16

neuroradiology

Answer 16

use of radiation therapy for nervous system tumors

Question 17

neuroembryology

Answer 17

normal and pathological development of nervous system

Question 18

ventral

Answer 18

farther from backbone

Question 19

dorsal

Answer 19

closer to backbone

Question 20

rostral

Answer 20

closer to head

Question 21

caudal

Answer 21

closer to tail

Question 22

ipsilateral

Answer 22

same side
right hand and right foot

Question 23

contralateral

Answer 23

opposite sides
right hand and left foot
right brain and left body

Question 24

coronal plane

Answer 24

splits body anterior/posteriorly

Question 25

sagittal plane

Answer 25

split body into left and right

Question 26

midsagittal plane

Answer 26

splits directly at midline

Question 27

transverse/horizontal plane

Answer 27

splits into top and bottom transverse for brainstem with be slightly diagonal to horizontal plane

Question 28

CNS

Answer 28

Brain and spinal cord

Question 29

PNS

Answer 29

somatic nervous sytem: nerves autonomic nervous system: parasympathetic/sympathetic

Question 30

brain

Answer 30

cerebral cortex (lobes), thalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla), cerebellum

Question 31

autonomic nervous system

Answer 31

involuntary part life-sustaining activities

Question 32

sympathetic

Answer 32

fight to flight respond to danger or stress spends energy

Question 33

parasympathetic

Answer 33

restore resting state of body conserve energy