Neurology # 1 Flashcards
Epinephrine is an ____gonist at and ____ BP
agonist alpha 1, alpha 2, Beta 1, and beta 2 receptors. Increases
Phentolamine is an ___gonist at….
antagonist at alpha 1 and alpha 2
Epinephrine administration followed by phentolamine ____ BP
decreases (acts only B)
Neostigmine is ____ and ___ BP
acetycholinesterase inhibitor. indirectly decreases
Isoproterenol is ___ and ___ BP
nonspecific Beta-agonist. decreases
Atropine is
competitive muscarinic antagonist
Norepineprhine is ___gonist at and _____ BP
agonist at alpha 1 , alpha 2 and beta 1 receptors. increases
Propranolol is a ___gonist
antagonist for beta
phenylephrine is a ____gonist and ____ BP
agonist at alpha 1. Increases
Hexamethonium is
nicotinic ganglionic blocker
Huntington’s disease presentation, genetic defect and on what chromosome, what brain parts affected? mnemonic
chorea, dystonia, altered behavior and dementia. autosomal dominant disease of CAG triple repeats on chromosome 4p. Caudate and putamen affected. “Caudate loses ACh and GABA”
Alzheimer’s disease presentation, pathophysiology, parts of brain affected
progressive memory loss, cognitive impairment, deposition of neuritic plaques (abnormally cleaved amyloid protein) and neurofibrillary tangles (phosphorylated tau) in cerebral cortex. Cholinergic neurons in globus pallidus
Wilson’s disease presentation and pathophysiology
asterixis, parkinsonian symptoms, cirrhosis and Kayser-Fleischer rings (corneal deposits of copper), some chorea and dementia. caused by failure of copper to enter circulation bound to ceruloplasmin. accumulation of copper in liver, corneas and basal ganglia
Parkinson’s presentation and pathophys
presents with TRAPS (tremor at rest, cogwheel Rigidity, Akinesia (or bradykinesia), Postural instability and Shuffling gait)). loss of dopaminergic neuros and loss of pigmentation in substantia nigra + lewy bodies (alpha - synuclein)
MS presentation and pathophys
SIIIN (Scanning speech, Intention tremor, Incontinence and Internuclear opthalmoplegia, Nystagmus) + optic neuritis, hemiparesis, hemisensory symptoms. Scattered plaques of demyelination anywhere in CNS. Oligodendrocytes targeted by autoimmune disease