Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pass_with_Pass > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

(The Nervous System) Body’s principal control system

A

Network of cells, tissues, and organs regulate bodily functions via electrical impulses transmitted through nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(The Nervous System) Endocrine System

A

Related to the nervous system, exerts control vial hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(The Nervous System) Circulatory System

A

assists in regulatory functions by distributing hormones and chemical messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive chemical messengers from other neurons - messengers then converted into impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Soma

A

Central cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Axon

A

Sends messages (impulses) to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Synapse

A

Connects

Small gabs that separate neurons (between axons of one neuron and the dendrites of the other)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon Terminal

A

Buds at end of axon from which chemical messages (impulses) are sent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CNS Anatomy

A

Spine 33 vertebrae

Cervical spine: 7 vertebrae

Thoracic Spine: 12 vertebrae

Lumbar spine: 5 vertebrae

Sacral spine: 5 vertebrae

Coccyx spine: 4 vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CNS Anatomy Meninges

A

Main job is to protect or “PAD”

Pia Mater: innermost layer, directly on CNS

Arachnoid Mater: middle layer, web-like (arachnoid = spider)

Dura Mater: Outermost layer (“durable”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

1 = Olfactory - Smell

2 = Optic - Vision

3 = Oculomotor - Eye movement, pupillary constriction

4 = Trochlear - Down and inward eye movement

5 = Trigeminal - Jaw movement

6 = Abducens - Lateral eye movement

7 = Facial - Facial movement

8 = Vestibulocochlear - hearing and equilibrium

9 = Glosspharyngeal - swallow

10 = Vagus - parasympathetic nervous system

11 - Accessory - shoulder shrug

12 - Hypoglossal - tongue movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brain Anatomy Cerebrum

A

Cerebrum: The “actual” brain itself…when you think of “brain” you probably picture the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brain Anatomy Reticular Activating System

A

Responsible for maintaining consciousness and ability to respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brain Anatomy The brain receives how much blood flow and glucose

A

20% of the body’s total blood flow per minute

Consumes 25% of body’s glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brain Anatomy Diencephalon (interbrain)

A

Diencephalon (interbrain) Involuntary actions (temperature, sleep, water, balance, stress, emotions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain Anatomy Mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

Pons, Medulla Oblongata (Respirations, blood pressure, heart rate) = brain stem “we live and die in the brainstem”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mental Status AEIOU TIPS

A

AEIOUS TIPS

A-lcohol
E-pilepsy
I-nsulin
O-verdose
U-remia
T-rauma
I-nfection
P-sychogenic
S-troke/syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Severity of AMS: DERM

A

D-epth of coma
E-yes
R-espiratory pattern
M-otor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glass coma score

A

EVM: 456

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mental Status: Babinski Reflex

A

Dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of others - indicates dysfunction of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mental Status - Decorticate Posturing

Study These Flashcards
A

Deep cerebral brainstem injury - flexes towards the “cord”

19
Q

Mental Status -Decerebrate Posturing

Study These Flashcards
A

Deep Cerebral brainstem injury (more severe than decorticate)

20
Q

Stroke Ischemic

Study These Flashcards
A

Occlusive: Most common (80%) cerebral artery blocked by clot

Results in ischemia, inadequate blood supply to brain tissue, progresses to brain muscle infarction

Possible TPA (fibrinolytic) candidate, gain last time seen normal, etc. Typically a more gradual onset

21
Q

Stroke Hemorrhagic

Study These Flashcards
A

Bleed: Less common (20%), bleeding can be within brain or on outer surface of brain

Sudden onset, severe headache

22
Stroke Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Temporary interference with blood supply to brain ("mini stroke") Lasts for few minutes to several hours, symptoms fully resolve in no more than 24 hours No evidence of residual brain or neurological damage
23
Stroke Patients
- Check blood glucose on all suspected stroke patients - Gain a good history from patient or family members, specifically, time of symptom onset/lat seen normal - Be cautious with oxygen administration - do not give oxygen unless SP02/patient presentation warrant
24
Seizures Generalized
Electrical Discharge in small area of brain Spreads to involve entire cerebral cortex causes widespread malfunction Includes tonic-clonic and absence seizures Tonic-clonic = "grand mal seizure" Generalized motor seizure Produces loss of consciousness Specific progression of events Aura -> Loss of consciousness -> Tonic phase, hyper tonic phase -> Clonic phase -> Post seizures -> Postical
25
Petit-mal/absence seizures
Brief, generalized seizure 10-30 seconds loss of consciousness or awareness Eye or muscle fluttering Occasional loss of muscle tone
26
Partial Seizure
Confined to limited portion of brain Localized malfunction May spread and become generalized
27
Simple Seizures
Focal motor, sensory, Jacksonian seizures Chaotic movement or dysfunction of one area of the body No loss of consciousness
28
Complex Seizures
Temporal lobe or psycho motor seizures
29
Distinctive aura Seizures
Unusual smell, taste, sound, Metallic taste in mouth is common
30
Status Epilepticus
Two or more generalized motor seizures without intervening return of consciousness
31
Management Seizures
Move objects from around patient Oxygen IV access Benzodiazepine administration #1 cause of seizure activity is non-compliance with medications Obtain BGL on all seizure patients
32
Neurology Syncope
Syncope - Sudden, temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain Regains consciousness when lying supine Potential causes: - Cardiovascular conditions - Hypovolemia - Non-cardiovascular disease - Idiopathic (unknown cause)
33
Neurology Headache
- Acute (Sudden) - Chronic (constant or recurring) Generalized (all over) Localized (specific area) Range from mild to severe
34
Neurology Vascular
- Migraines & Cluster headaches - Significant percentage are tension headaches - Continuous throbbing headache with fever, confusion, and/or nuchal rigidity = think meningitis
35
Neurology Migraines
- Last minutes to hours to days - Usually very intense, throbbing pain - photosensitivity - Nausea/Vomiting - Often unilateral - Occurs commonly in women
36
CNS conditions - Bells Palsy
Sudden, unilateral weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles Occurs due to dysfunction of seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve) Often follows vial infection Herpes Simplex Virus can also be a cause
37
Trigeminal neuralgia
"Tic Doloureux" Extremely painful, affects 5th cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) Electrical shock type of spasms and pain Tends to be chronic Anti seizure medications used as treatments
37
Alzheimer's
Results from death and disappearance of nerve cells in cerebral cortex. Marked atrophy of the brain
38
Pick's
Permanent form of dementia similar to Alzheimer's disease Tends to affect only certain areas of the brain, rare condition
39
Huntington's
Genetic Defect in chromosome 4 Adult onset and early onset types
40
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Form of brain damage Rapids decrease in mental function and movement, results from protein called "prion" No treatment
41
Muscular Dystrophy
Genetic disease Progressive muscle weakness Degeneration of skeletal or voluntary muscle fibers
42
Multiple Sclerosis
Unpredictable disease of CNS Inflammation of nerve cells Demyelination or destruction of myelin sheath - protective covering of nerve body Nerves unable to conduct impulses properly
43
Duhenne Dystrophy
Most common childhood muscular dystrophy Onset by age 6 symmetrical weakness/wasting Progressive to death
44
Gullain-Barre Syndrome
Serious disorder Body's immune system mistakenly attacks peripheral nerves Leads to nerve inflammation that cause muscle weakness
45
Parkinson's Disease
Degenerative changes in basal ganglia due to dopamine deficiency Rhythmical muscular tremors Rigidity of movement Droopy posture Usually occurs after 40 years of age Leading cause of neuro disability > 60
46
Spina Bifida
Neural tube defect Failure of one or more fetal vertebrae to close in utero Nerve damage is permanent No cure
46
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
"Lou Gehrig's Disease" Progressive motor neuron disease Disease of the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord Results in progressive muscular atrophy, increased reflexes, spastic irritability of muscles No cure
47
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Infectious, inflammatory viral disease of CNS May result in permanent paralysis New cases are rare

Pass_with_Pass (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions