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NEUROLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Kluver Bucy syndrome

A

Bilateral damage to temporal lobes Especially the AMYGDALA
-Hyperphagia and pica
-Hyperorality
-Hypersexuality
-Visual Agnosia
-Confirmed By MRI

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2
Q

5HT3 Antagonist

A

-Work on chemoreceptor trigger zone of medulla
-cause; -QT PROLONGATION
-CONSTIPATION

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3
Q

Neuropathic pain

A
  • BPH/or any cause of urinary retention&raquo_space; Exclude Amitriptyline
  • Renal impairment&raquo_space; pregabalin preferred over gabapentin
  • Narrow-Angle Glaucoma&raquo_space; Exclude Duloxetine And Amitriptyline.
  • Post-Herpetic Neuralgia&raquo_space; Topical capsaicin
  • Tramadol may be used as ‘rescue therapy’ for exacerbations of neuropathic pain
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4
Q

BETAHISTINE

A

Prevention in MENIERS DISEASE And in BPPV

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5
Q

Isolated ALEXIA Without AGRAPHIA

A

Infarction of pca which supplies splenium of CORPUS CALLOSUM disconnecting both lobes from each other

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6
Q

SAH

A

-Elvated ST SEGMENT

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7
Q

CATAPLEXY

A

Muscle weakness following STRONG EMOTIONS : buckling knees and collapses
Associated with Narcolepsy

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8
Q

Spinal cord columns

A

ANTERIOR: SPINOTHALAMIC
DORSAL COLUMN
LATERAL HORNS: CELL BODIES OF SYMPATHETIC
VENTRAL HORNS: MOTOR NEURONS

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9
Q

SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF SPINAL CORD

A

-Associated with recreational nitrous oxide use as it results in vitamin b12 deficiency
-ALSO Associated with folic acid supplementation

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10
Q

Lesions of anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

A

-Anterior spinal artery thrombosis
-Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis

-Syringomyelia affects pain and temp sensations ABOVE THE LESION NOT BELOW

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11
Q

Anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories) after a STRESSFUL EVENT

A

Transient global amnesia

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12
Q

Progressive inherited conductive hearing loss with normal otoscope

A

Otosclerosis

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13
Q

Neuroleptic malignant

A

-Due to stopping of parkinsonian drugs or due to Antipsychotics
-Fever
-Muscle rigidity
-confusion
-htn tachycardia and tachpnea

-Raised creatine kinase and AKI
-RX: DANTROLENE

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14
Q

Hemiballism

A

Decreases when sleeping
-primarily affecting proximal muscles
Rx haloperidol

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15
Q

to differentiate between essential tremors and parkinson

A

SPECT

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16
Q

Best MRI for MS

A

MRI FLAIR
-Shows hyperintense lesions perpendicular to the corpus callosum called Dawsons fingers Also paraventicular plaques

HIGH SIGNAL T2 LESIONS

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17
Q

Ramsey Hunt

A

Ear pain FIRST
-ORAL ACYCLOVIR AND CORTICOSTEROIDS

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18
Q

Brain abscess

A

IV 3rd-generation cephalosporin + metronidazole

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19
Q

chronic spasticity in MS

A

-Baclofen (GABA AGONIST)
-Gababentin

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20
Q

Procyclidine, Benzhexol (trihexyphenidyl), Benzotropine

A

Anti muscarinic used for tremors in drug parkinsons

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21
Q

Rapidly Progressive Dementia , Myoclonus, Akinetic mutism

A

CJD

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22
Q

Gingival Hyperplasia

A

-AML
-PHENYTOIN
-CCB NIFEDIPINE
-CICLOSPORIN

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23
Q

OTOSCLEROSIS

A

10 Percent will have reddish blue tint on tympanic membrane exam

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24
Q

Restless leg syndrome

A

Exclude IDA
-Mssage and stretching exercises
-ROPINIROLE

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25
Severe pain in arms and shoulders followed by weakness days later and wasting
Brachial Neuritis
26
PES CAVUS
-CMT -FRIEDRICHS ATAXIA
27
SODIUM VALPROATE
VALPROATE -Vomiting -Alopecia -Liver toxicity -Pancreatitis Pancytopenia -Retention of fat -Oedema -Ataxia -Teratogenic tremors -Enzyme inhibitor Enchephalitic hyperammonemic SODIUM= HYPONATREMIA
28
MOTOR NEURON DISEASE
-RILUZOLE (ANTI GLUTAMATE) USED IN ALS -NON INVASIVE VENTILATION (BIPAP) BEST SURVIVAL -PERCUTANEOUS GASTROSTOMY
29
Folic acid in woman planning to be pregnant while on AED
5MG PER DAY BEFOREE CONCEPTION
30
Median longitudinal Fasiculus of intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
Located in paramedian area of midbrain and pons
31
Ipsilateral optic nerve atrophy contralateral papilledema
FOSTER KENNEDY -Anterior frontal lobe tumor
32
BILATERAL MYOCLONIC SEIZURES IN THE MORNING IN CHILD
JUVENILE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY -ASSOCIATED ABSENCE SEIZURES
33
Complications of Meningitis
-SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS -Seizures -Focal neurological deficit -Brain abscess -Brain herniation/Hydrocephalus
34
Cape like loss of pain and temp sensation with motor weakness and sparing Posterior column
Syringomyelia
35
Vitreous Hemorrhage and Cerebellar ataxia
VON HIPPEL LINDAU -Retinal and cerebellar hemangioblastomas
36
SAH COMPLICATIONS
-REBLEEDING -VASOSPASM -HYDROCEPHALUS -SIADH HYPONATREMIA -SEIZURES
37
HTN BRADYCARDIA RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
CUSHING TRIAD
38
DRUGS CAUSING TINNITUS
-ASPIRIN/NSAIDS -AMINOGLYCOSIDES -LOOP DIURETICS -QUININE
39
Essential tremor with ASTHMA
PRIMIDONE (BARBITURATES) ANTICONVULSANTS
40
PHENYTOIN
DECREASES VITAMIN K LEADS TO BLEEDING
41
SJS
Can happen in 3 PLACES -PHENYTOIN -PHENOBARBITAL -PENICILLIN -LAMOTREGINE -ALLOPURINOL -CARBAMAZEPINE -ERYTHROMYCIN -SULFA DRUGS
42
Breast feeding with AED
AEDs are generally safe during breastfeeding -Taking vitamin K With PHENYTOIN
43
Migraine Aura
-Occur in one third -Lasts 5-60 minutes and are progressive -Transient hemianopic disturbance or scintillating scotoma Triggered by COCs, dehydration, menstruation -COCs PLUS MIGRAINE INC. RISK FOR STROKE
44
IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION
DRUGS: -COCs -STEROIDS -TETRACYCLINE -RETINOIDS, VIT. A -LITHIUM
45
IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION
RX: -WEIGHT LOSS -CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS -TOPIRAMATE: causes weight loss and carb anhydrase inhibitor -Repeated LPs -Optic nerve fenestration or SHUNT
46
BLEEDING IN BRAIN CRESCENTRIC IN SHAPE AND NOT LIMITED TO SUTURE LINES
-IF HYPERDENSE: ACUTE SUBDURAL -IF HYPODENSE: CHRONIC SUBDURAL
47
Fluctuating consciousness and alcoholism and LEFT LATERAL GAZE PALSY
Subdural hematoma
48
Narcolepsy
-LOW OREXIN (HYPOCRETIN) -HYPERSOMNOLENCE -CATAPLEXY -SLEEP PARALYSIS -HALLUCINATIONS DAYTIME STIMULANTS , NIGHT TIME SODIUM OXYBATE
49
IV PHENYTOIN
-Causes Hypotension and Bradyarrhythmias
50
Onset of migraine in middle age then frequent recurrent TIAs and STROKES
CADASIL
51
patient on procyclidine
Patient on Dopamine antagonists (anti-psychotics) can develop rigidity due to dopamine blockade between pathways from brainstem to basal ganglia. Hence they are given prn procyclidine in case this happens. This is therefore a clue he was on an antipsychotic and that he was likely aware he was becoming rigi
52
DD
OPTHALMOPLEGIA + ATAXIA + AREFLEXIA= MILER FISHER OPHTHALMOPLEGIA+ ATAXIA + ENCEPHALITIS= WERNICKEs
53
MENIEREs
-Acute attacks= PROMETHAZINE/ PROCHLORPERAZINE -Prevention= BETAHISTINE
54
Saturday night palsy
-RADIAL nerve palsy IN THE AXILLA -WRIST DROP -FINGER EXTENSION WEAKNESS
55
TOPIRAMATE
-WEIGHT LOSS -RENAL STONES -SECONDARY ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA -PARATHESIA
56
TRANSIENT GLOBAL AMNESIA TRANSIENT EPILEPTICAL AMNESIA
TEA: -MOTOR AUTOMATISMS -SHORTER IN DURATION -Hx OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE Eg.; STROKE
57
PALATAL MYOCLONUS
a specific feature of hypertrophic olivary degeneration. This is caused by a lesion in the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret (triangle linking the inferior olivary nucleus, red nucleus and the contralateral dentate nucleus). An MRI brain is the gold standard imaging for this lesion.
58
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelopathy
-POST INFECTIOUS MOTOR OR SENSORY DEFICIT -POORLY DEFINED Hyperintensities in SUBCORTICAL WHITE MATTER
59
Difference bet NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYND. AND SERETONIN SYNDROME
-Seretonin synd.: HYPEREFLEXIA AND CLONUS , DILATED PUPILS , CAUSED BY SSRIs ,
60
THROMBOLYSIS AND THROMBECTOMY
-confirmed occlusion of the proximal anterior circulation demonstrated by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
61
Nuclei of Hypothalamus
ANTERIOR= COOLING POSTERIOR= HEATING VENTROMEDIAL= SATIETY CENTER (if removed pt. becomes hungry and gains weight) -LATERAL INJURY MAKES YOU LEAN -PARAVENTRICULAR = OXYTOCIN SUPRAOPTIC= SYNTHESIS OF ADH
62
AUTOINDUCTION
FOUND IN CARBAMAZEPINE CAUSES RETURN OF SEIZURES AFTER STARTING CARB. BY 3/4 WEEKS

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