Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam Revision > Neurology 7 > Flashcards

Neurology 7 Flashcards

1
Q

most common genetic cause of stroke

A

cadasil

- NOTCH 3 gene mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

effects of stroke in dominant hemisphere + non dominant hemisphere

A 
language problems 
(normally left hemisphere is dominant) 
spatial awareness problems in non- dominant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

first line investigation for stroke

A

non contrast CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is given for first 14 days following ischaemic stroke

A

aspirin 300mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is given long term following ischaemic stroke

A

clopidogrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

artery most commonly affected in stroke

A

middel cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

presentation of basilar artery occlusion

A

‘locked in syndrome’

  • quadriplegia
  • can move eyes + is conscious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Weber syndrome symptoms

A

ipsilateral CN3 palsy

contralateral hemiplegia/paresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

transient vision loss ‘like a curtain coming down’

occlusion of the retinal/opthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TIA

A

stroke symptoms + signs that resolve within 24 hours

- focal brain/retinal ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

investigation of TIA

A

carotid doppler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gait in bilateral foot drop

A

high stepping gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

head injury, drowsy acutely (hours) afterwards + vomiting

A

extradural haemorrhage

- biconvex CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

crescent on CT

A

sub dural haemorrhage

- chronic, injury could be a week ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

investigation of cauda equina

A

urgent MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is seen in acute spinal shock

what is seen later on after spinal cord injury

A

acute – areflexia, low tone

chronic- UMN signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of injuries cause central cord syndrome

A

hyeprflexion or extension injury

- most likely in elderly patients with OA/spondylosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

symptoms of central cord syndrome

A

cape like spinothalmic sensory loss

upper limb weakness

19
Q

what is affected if there is nominal aphasia

A

angular gyrus

20
Q

what happens in non-REM sleep

A

‘Deep sleep’

  • cortex recovers – protein synthesis, cell division, growth
  • decreased cerebral blood flow, HR, BP
  • sleep terrors, sleep paralysis, sleep walking, bruxism
21
Q

what happens in REM sleep

A

narrative dreaming

  • increased cerebral blood flow
  • increased brain activity
22
Q

what is narcolepsy

A

chronic neurological disorder - loss of brains ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles

23
Q

symptoms of narcolepsy

A

excessive daytime sleepiness
involuntary somnolence
cataplexy - sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions
hypnagogic hallucinations

24
Q

Ix + Tx narcolepsy

A

overnight polysomnography
sleep latency test
lumbar puncture

Tx: modafinil, methylphenidate

25
Q

what is low in narcolepsy

A

hypocretin – neurotransmitter that regulates sleep

26
Q

diagnostic of venous sinus thrombosis

A

MR venogram

27
Q

features of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

6th cranial nerve palsy
trigeminal sensory loss
peri-orbital oedema
horners

28
Q

features of sagittal sinus thrombosis

A

seizures

hemiplegia

29
Q

Ix degenerative cervical myelopathy

A

MRI

30
Q

bloods taken in confusion screen

A

TSH, B12, folate, glucose

31
Q

side effects of triptans

A

tingling
tightness in chest/throat
heaviness

32
Q

symptoms of degenerative cervical myelopathy

A

pain – neck/upper/lower limbs
loss of motor functions –loss of digital dexterity, imbalance/gait abnormality
bilateral sensory loss

33
Q

headache worse on standing improves when lying flat

A

spontaneous intracranial hypotension

34
Q

what type of drug is ondansentron

A

5 HT3 antagonist

35
Q

+ve Hoffmans test

A

UMN dysfunction

- exaggerated flexion of thumb when the examiner flicks the patients distal phalanx of middle finger

36
Q

Tx degenerative cervical myelopathy

A

surgery

37
Q

Tx ischaemic stroke if patient cannot tolerate clopidogrel

A

aspirin + dipyridamole lifelong

38
Q

what can precipitate cluster headaches

A

alcohol

39
Q

treatment of group B bacteriuria in pregnant women

A

intrapartum benzylpenicillin

- prevents neonatal sepsis

40
Q

Tx absence seizures

A

sodium valproate or ethosuximide

41
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

A

ipsilateral: ataxia, nystagmus, dysphagia, facial numbness, Horner’s
contralateral: limb sensory loss

42
Q

pontine haemorrhage

A 
complication of chronic hypertension 
decreased GCS
Quadriplegia 
miosis 
absent horizontal eye movements
43
Q

what is seen on imaging in normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

enlarged 4th ventricle

44
Q

Tx normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Exam Revision (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions