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PSYCH 230 > Neurons > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neurons Deck (17)
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1
Q

parts of a neuron

A

dendrites
soma
axon
synaptic bouton

2
Q

glial cells

A

non-neuron cells in the nervous system that perform a range of supporting functions to ensure an optimal environment for neurons
types: oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes, microglia

3
Q

astrocytes and microglia

A

form blood/brain barrier
control chemical regulation of space between neurons
rid of metabolic waste and scar tissue

4
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

provide physical support and electrical insulation (myelin)

5
Q

Schwann cells

A

insulate peripheral nerves (myelin)

6
Q

functions of the nucleus of a neuron

A

portein and neurotransmitter manufacturing

7
Q

functions of microtubules in neurons

A

form skeleton

transport

8
Q

resting potential

A

stored energy
necessary for neurons to receive information
typically -60 to -70 mV
creating by the movement of ions, electrical gradient, and the Na+/K+ pump

9
Q

movement of ions through the membrane (inside or outside?)

A

Na+: outside
Cl-: outside
K+: inside
A- (proteins): inside

10
Q

electrical gradient

A

similar charges repulse each other

negative charges inside retrains K+ and Cl- movement

11
Q

Na+/K+ pump

A

active mechanism
ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ pulled in
makes the inside of a neuron more negative

12
Q

action potential

A

unit of information
electrically transmitted
occurs in an all-or-none way
travels faster in thicker neurons

13
Q

steps on an action potential

A
  • Na+ gates open
  • Na+ gates close after ~0.5 msec
  • Na+ gates cannot reopen for 1 msec
  • K+ gates open, resting potential is restored
14
Q

types of coding information for action potentials

A

frequency code: the number of action potentials

labeled line code: each neurons codes different types of information

15
Q

absolute refractory period

A

occurs after Na+ gates close
prevents an action potential from reversing direction and collision
sets limits and constraints on coding of information

16
Q

relative refractory period

A

caused by a K+ overshoot
causes brief hyperpolarization
stronger stimulus required for action potential

17
Q

myelin

A

fatty glial cells
keep the action potential at a constant speed via nodes of Ranvier
allows electrical conduction
poor insulator