Must know: Type A Alpha 1. Function 2. Diameter (µm) 3. Myelin 4. Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

1. proprioception, motor 2. 15 3. heavy 4. 100

Must know: Type A Beta 1. Function 2. Diameter (µm) 3. Myelin 4. Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

1. touch pressure 2. 10 3. heavy 4. 50

Must know: Type A Gamma 1. Function 2. Diameter (µm) 3. Myelin 4. Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

1. Muscle spindles 2. 5 3. heavy 4. 25

Must know: Type A Delta 1. Function 2. Diameter (µm) 3. Myelin 4. Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

1. pain (sharp); temp 2. \<5 3. heavy 4. 25

Must know: Type A (tricks to remember all facts) 1. list them in order 2. function gets more basic goiing down list 3. diameter gets smaller going down list start with 15 then -5 4. all highly myelinated 5. conduction speed gets smaller start with 100 half till 25 then keep it there!

1. Alpha/ beta/ gamma/ Delta 2. Proprioception motor/ touch pressure/ muscle spindles/ pain temp 3. 15/ 10/ 5 / \<5 4. all mylinated 5. 100/ 50/ 25/ 25

Neuropathways (josh's take) Flashcards by Diana Hathaway

what are the layers of a nerve form outer to inner

Epineurium perineurium endoneurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lable this

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Efferant pain signals travel where? and what does it control?

to extremities

motor and autonomic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Afferent pain singnals travel where? and what does it control

to the core (body)

pain and sensations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If you see these small dots what are you seeing?

individual fasicles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What fibers encompass the Afferent fibers?

A, B, & C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

which nerve fibers are mylinated?

A and B

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

A nerve fibers are further defines as what subunits?

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Delta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

Which A fibers are fast, sharp well localized sensation?

delta!!!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

so what are the characteristics of A-delta fibers again????

fast

sharp

well-localized sensation

(just making sure your getting it an dnot just going through the cards)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

what nerve fiber is nonmylinated

C-fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

which nerve fiber is slow and poorly localized?

C-fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

what are the characteristics of C-fibers

slow, poorly localized

(just double checking again)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

which 2 neve fibers are most discussed with regional? then quickly differentiate the 2!

A-fast, shape well localized

C- long, annoying lingering pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With afferent nerve fibers:

the classification of the nerves (A B C) are based on what 2 things?

Diameter
Velocity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know this next chart forward and backwards!!! don’t memorize conduction speed just know which ones are faster and slower! for example if he askes which is faster A or B know it. After looking at the chart questions will follow!!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

4 sub units of type A fibers?

alpha
beta
gamma
delta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

Type A Alpha

Function
Diameter (µm)
Myelin
Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

proprioception, motor
15
heavy
100

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

Type A Beta

Function
Diameter (µm)
Myelin
Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

touch pressure
10
heavy
50

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

Type A Gamma

Function
Diameter (µm)
Myelin
Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

Muscle spindles
5
heavy
25

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

Type A Delta

Function
Diameter (µm)
Myelin
Conduction velocity (m/s) (for extra credit)

pain (sharp); temp
<5
heavy
25

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

Type A (tricks to remember all facts)

list them in order
function gets more basic goiing down list
diameter gets smaller going down list start with 15 then -5
all highly myelinated
conduction speed gets smaller start with 100 half till 25 then keep it there!

Alpha/ beta/ gamma/ Delta
Proprioception motor/ touch pressure/ muscle spindles/ pain temp
15/ 10/ 5 / <5
all mylinated
100/ 50/ 25/ 25

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

Type B nerve fibers

Function
diameter (µm)
Mylelin
Conduction velocity (bonus)

preganglionic autonomic
< 3
light
10

****how to remmebr*** just like in the type A still getting smaller. diameter is smaller thus less mylelination thus less speed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know:

Type C:

2 types?

Dorsal horn

sympathetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must know: Type C: Dorsal 1. function 2. Diameter 3. Myelin 4. Conduction (bonus)

1. pain (dull) temp 2. 1 3. none 4. 1

Must know: Type C: Sympathetic 1. function 2. diameter 3. myelin 4. conduction

1. postganglionic 2. 1 3. none 4. \>1

what is transduction?

noxiuos stimuli translated into electrical activity at the sensory endings of nerves

what is TRANSMISSION?

propagation of impulses throughout the sensory nervous system (process of signal going up arm to brain

What is modulation?

Efferent control of pain (what my body does with the pain)

with the afferent pathway the whole processes is essentially what?

Transmission

FIRST ORDER NEURONS: are neurons _____ \_\_\_\_\_ the spinal cord?

comming into

FIRST ORDER NEURONS: The majority enter the ______ spinal root.

dorsal

FIRST ORDER NEURONS: the majority of first order neurons enter the dorsal spinal root at each \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, ______ and ______ level?

cervical thoracic lumbar sacral

FIRST ORDER NEURONS: pain fibers originating in the head are carried by the \_\_\_1\_\_\_, \_\_\_2\_\_\_, \_\_3\_\_\_, and \_\_\_4\_\_\_ nerves. give name and number

1. trigeminal (V) 2. facial (VII) 3. glossopharyngeal (IX) 4. vagal (X)

FIRST ORDER NEURONS: each first order nerve have specific ganglion whoch hold cell bodies of these nerves. the first order neurons in the ganglia reach the spinal cord and synapse with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

2nd order neuron

so once the 1st order neuron reached the spinal cord they become what?

2nd order neurons

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: is made up of spinal cord gray matter divided into what

10 lamina

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: what lamina relate to the dorsal horn?

I-VI Afferent

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: what 2 functions do the I-VI lamina of the dorsal horn have

1. receives all afferent neural activity 2. principle site for modulation of pain

\*\*\*\*\*\* what does the substantia gelatinosa do?

it is where the C-fibers originate????? double check this - it's found in lamina II or III, and it's the major site of action of opioids (shores said this in class) [this is rudy, btw]

what makes up the dorsal horn? laminia of 2nd order neurons? and what type of pathways

I-VI and are afferent pathways

Dorsal vs Ventral location!! real easy don't fuck this one up!!!!!!!!!

dorsal back (like a dophiins fin) ventral front

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: Lamina I: does what? (or responds to what?)

responds to nociceptive stimuli from cutaneous and deep somatic tissue

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* what is located in the Lamina II [& maybe III]?

substantia gelatinosa

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: what is the lamina II (III) for (substantia gelatinosa)

contains many interneurons responsible for processing and modulating nociceptive input from cutaneous tissue

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: •\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* what is the major site for opioid actions

Lamina II (III?) substantia gelatinosa (ohhhhh light bulb thats why it is an important are!!)

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: what do lamina I and V contain?

visceral afferents

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: What does Lamina V respond to? and receive?

both noxious and non-noxious stimuli recieves both somatic and visceral inputs

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: what cross the midline to the level of origin to the contralateral side of the spinal cord ((doesn;t make sense to me?)

spinothalamic tract

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: the spinothalamic tract is divided into what?

lateral and medial

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: which spinothalmic tract, projects location, density, duration of pain in the VENTRAL posteriorlateral nucleus of the thalamus?

Lateral spinothalmic tract

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: which spinothalmic tract, projects unpleasent emotionalperceptions of pain in the medial thalamus?

medial spinothalmic tract

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: recap what does the lateral spinothalmic tractdo?

projects location, density, duration of pain in the ventral posteriorlateral nucleus of the thalmus

SECOND ORDER NEURONS: recap what does the medial spinothalmic tract do?

projects unpleasent emotional perception of pain in the medial thalmus

THIRD ORDER NEURONS: what the hell are they?

neurons in the head

THIRD ORDER NEURONS: information is transfered up to where?

thalamus then to the somatosensory cortex

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* know this what is the modulation of pain???

* impulses arise in the periventricular/periaquaductal gray matter of the brain stem * impulses are transmitted through the RAPHE MAGNUS to the SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA by way of the DORSOLATERAL FUNICULUS (awesome remember opioiod work of the substantia gelatinosa=====thus blocking pain.... booom bitch instant mind fuck)

what is the modulation of pain??? this is extra to know still important but last slide if most important!!! so well start were we left off * impulses arise in the periventricular/periaquaductal gray matter of the brain stem * impulses are transmitted through the RAPHE MAGNUS to the SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA by way of the DORSOLATERAL FUNICULUS

* Action potentials @ the substantia gelantinosa activate ENKEPHALIN INTERNEURONS * release of ENKEPHALIN decreases SUBSTANCE P release (reduction of # of pain impulses ascending in the lateral spinothalamic tract) * action potentials descending in the DORSOLATERAL FUNICULUS also hyperpolarize cell bodies of the second order neurons in the pain pathway (reduction in the # of sction potentials int he ascending lateral spinothalmic tract the descending dorsolateral modulates pain)

Modulation of pain: IV opioids produce analgesia how?

* inpart by initiating action potentials in the DESCENDING DORSOLATERAL FUNICULUS * also act on other sites in the brain (limbic, hypothalamus, and thalamus) produce supraspinal analgesia primarily by mu-1 receptors

Modulation of pain: Spinal analgesia?

mediated by mu-2 receptors occurs when the # of pain impulses passing through the SUBSTANTIA GELANTINOSA is decreased

Modulation of pain: what is the difference b/t spinal and opioid analgesia receptors blockade for pain?

spinal mu-2 opioid mu-1 (maybe 2 also) hmm interesting!!!!!!!!

Modulation of pain: what does the spinalreticular pain pathway dresponsible for?

arousal and autonomic response to pain

Modulation of pain: what is the spinalmesencephalic pathway for?

anti-nociceptive descending pathways b/c of it;s projections in the periductal gray area

Spinalanesthesia is what mu recptors? supraspinal analgesia is what mu receptors

spinal- mu-2 supraspinal- mu1 and 2

FIBER SPECIFIC AFFERENTS: fast -_sharp_ pain is what fiber

A delta

FIBER SPECIFIC AFFERENTS: fast -sharp pain A-delta fibers enter and leave where

* the tract of lissaeur

FIBER SPECIFIC AFFERENTS: fast -sharp pain A-delta fibers terminate where?

rexed's lamina I, V

FIBER SPECIFIC AFFERENTS: fast -sharp pain give the whole pathays(3 steps)

1. A-delta fibers enter and leave the TRACT OF LISSAUER 2. then enter the DORSAL HORN and terminate at the REXED'S LAMINA I, V 3. 2nd order neurons leaving lamina I or V cross to the CONTRALATERAL LATERAL SPINOTHALMIC TRACT and ascend to the brain

FIBER SPECIFIC AFFERENTS: slow pain what nerve fiber are we discussing?

C fibers

FIBER SPECIFIC AFFERENTS: slow pain the C-fibers terminate primarily where?

Lamina II (III?) substantia gelatinosa

FIBER SPECIFIC AFFERENTS: slow pain explain the whole pathway for slow pain ( 3 steps)

1. the c-fibers terminate in teh LAMINA II (III?) SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA 2. interneurons transmit C-fiber impulses to LAMINA V 3. Neurons leaving V cross immediattely to the contralateral lateral spinothalmic tract and ascend to the brain.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* primary NT for A-delta?

Glutamate

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* primary NT for C-fibers?

Supstance P

the primary NT for A-delta fibers (glutamate) does what?

binds to AMPA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

The primary NT for C-fibers (Substance P) does what?

binds to NK-1 and the postsynaptic membrane

Tissue specific NT: What do tissues release?

1. seratonin 2. histamine 3. prostaglandins 4. H+ 5. K+

Tissue specific NT: what NT does plasma release?

1. kinins 2. histamine 3. (platelets, basophls, granules of mast cells)

Tissue specific NT: what NT do nerve terminals release

Substance P

What typ of pain is muscle joint pain?

Somatic

Describe somatic pain!

* Aching, often constant * possibly dull or sharp * exacerbated with movement * well localized

What type of pain is organ or abdominal pain?

Visceral

Describe visceral pain

* constant crampy * aching * poorly localized * reffered

Somatic structures: SKIN A-delta high threshold mechanoreceptors (HTMs) deal with what type of pain\>

noxiuos mechanical stimuli

Somatic structures: SKIN A-delta mylelinated mechanothermal nocieptors (MMTNs) deal with what type of pain\>?

noxious heat and mechanical stimuli

Somatic structures: SKIN C-polymodal nociceptors (CPNs) deal with what pain?

* nocious mechanical, thermal, chemicl stimuli * muscle joints, faciae, other deep somatic structures

Visceral structures: C-fibers and A-delta fibers deal with what pains?

disease inflammation isometric contraction ischemia rapid distention

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* one of his favorite slides\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Muscle-Skeletal/ cardiac muscles 1. Inervated by what nerves 2. Characteristics of pain 3. most intense when? 4. the nociceptors undergo sensitation in response to what substances?

1. A-delta and C-fibers 2. Diffuse, poorly localized 3. contraction and ischemia 4. allogenic

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* one of his favorite slides\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Joint pain 1. inervated by what nerves? 2. repsnd only to what? 3. can become sensitized with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, leading to activation woth normal movement, or developing background discharge

1. A-delta and C-fibers 2. Extreme movement/pressure 3. inflammation

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* one of his favorite slides\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* bone pain 1. what fibers? 2. the fibers form a plexus around the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 3. The _____ and ______ has no nociceptive fibers has the lowest threshold of deep somatic structures

1. A-delta and C-fibers 2. periosteum 3. cortex and marrow

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* one of his favorite slides\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Visceral tissue 1. what fibers? 2. Is it part of ANS 3. Insensitive to what? 4. sensitive to what?

1. A-delta and C-fibers 2. nope 3. curring, heating, pinching 4. twisting and distention

Each fascical has both efferent and afferent fibers. this is refered to as the what?

reflex arch

LA SENSITIVITY: nerve fibers order of sensitivity to LA?

Large myelinated \> smaller myelinated \> unmyelinated

LA SENSITIVITY: Nerve fiber order of block?

1. B 2. C-& A-delta 3. A-gamma 4. A- beta 5. A-alpha

LA SENSITIVITY: so why is that last slide true??? see the picture

order of block 1. B 2. C and A-delta 3. A-gamma 4. A-beta 5. A-aplha Sensitiveity is largest myelinated at the highest

Neuropathways (josh's take) Flashcards

Josh's guide to straight badassery of any and all neuropathways!!!!!