Neurophysiology

Question 1

Which one of the following connective tissue sheaths surrounds entire nerve?

Answer 1

Epineurium

Question 2

Which one of the following components is included in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 2

12 pair of cranial nerves and 31 pair of spinal nerves

Question 3

What is the function of the enteric plexus?

Answer 3

It regulates the digestive system

Question 4

is the CNS a subdivision of the PNS?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

What divisions or branches makes up the motor portion of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 5

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 6

Which one of the following functions regarding the function of the Nervous System is TRUE?

Answer 6

Motor neurons carry information from the brain toward the spinal cord

Question 7

what cell is responsible for forming myelin in the Central Nervous System?

Answer 7

Oligodendrocytes

Question 8

Which one of the following statements regarding the structure of a neuron is TRUE?

Answer 8

An action potential is an electrical signal traveling along the nerve due to movement of ions

Question 9

What cell is a neuroglia in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 9

Schwann cells

Question 10

Which one of the following structures is defined as: a gap in the neurolemma of myelinated cells?

Answer 10

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 11

Which one of the following channels opens in response to a change in the membrane potential?

Answer 11

Voltage-gated channel

Question 12

Which one of the following phases begins as a negative membrane potential that becomes less negative, reaches zero, then becoming positive again thereby opening voltage-gated Na+ channels?

Answer 12

Depolarization Phase

Question 13

Which one of the following statements regarding a chemical synapse is TRUE?

Answer 13

A chemical synapse receives an electrical signal converts into a chemical one then back to an electrical signal

Question 14

what neurotransmitter functions at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Which one of the following parts of the brain is the main relay center for conducting information between the spinal cord and the cerebrum?

Answer 15

Thalamus

Question 16

Which one of the following structures divides the cerebrum into the right and left hemisphere?

Answer 16

Longitudinal fissure

Question 17

Which one of the following areas is found in the occipital lobe?

Answer 17

Primary visual cortex

Question 18

Which one of the following landmarks is used to distinguish the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 18

Lateral fissure

Question 19

Which one of the following structures contains the cardio-vascular center, which regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat?

Answer 19

Medulla oblongata

Question 20

Which one of the following statements regarding the function of the cerebellum is FALSE?

Answer 20

It is important for conscious proprioception

Question 21

Which one of the following nerve roots are part of the cervical enlargement?

Answer 21

C4 – T1

Question 22

Which one of the following vertebral levels does the adult spinal cord extends to?

Answer 22

L1 –L2

Question 23

Which one of the following structures surrounds the Diencephalon?

Answer 23

Third ventricle

Question 24

Which one of the following structures is the pia mater which extends from the conus medullaris to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

Answer 24

Filum terminale

Question 25

Which one of the following events would occur in the brain if a pot of caffeinated coffee was consumed to study for this exam?

Answer 25

Caffeine would block A1 receptors in the RAS

Question 26

Which one of the following statements is NOT a function of the Cerebrospinal Fluid?

Answer 26

It replenishes blood when the plasma is dehydrated

Question 27

Which one of the following structures does the neural tube ultimately form?

Answer 27

Central nervous system

Question 28

Which one of the following statements concerning spinal nerves is TRUE?

Answer 28

Posterior and anterior roots unite to form a spinal nerve

Question 29

Which one of the following parts of your memory and brain are being used if you can recall material studied 7 nights ago?

Answer 29

Long term memory in the cerebral cortex

Question 30

Which one of the following areas of the brain is responsible for sensing the emotion of pain, pleasure, affection and anger?

Answer 30

Limbic System

Question 31

Which one of the following functions of Astrocytes is FALSE?

Answer 31

They are critical phagocytes destroying microbes and damaged nervous tissue

Question 32

what structure in a nerve cell is responsible for storing the neurotransmitter?

Answer 32

Synaptic vesicle

Question 33

What event occurs to remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft?

Answer 33

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine and the 2 portions then reabsorbed

Question 34

Which one of the following ions is responsible triggering exocytosis of the synaptic vesicle with in the pre-synaptic neuron during signal transmission in the nervous system?

Answer 34

Ca++

Question 35

Which one of the following terms is defined as: a build up of neurotransmitter released simultaneously by several pre-synaptic end bulbs to create threshold and ultimately generate an action potential?

Answer 35

Spatial summation

Question 36

Which one of the following statements describes why the resting membrane potential in nerve cells is negatively charged?

Answer 36

There are a high number of anion phosphates and proteins in the cytosol

Question 37

Which one of the following events occurs during the Repolarization Phase to return the nerve cell to a -70mV resting membrane potential?

Answer 37

An outflow of K+ ions

Question 38

Which one of the following structures of the brain is part of the brain stem?

Answer 38

Pons

Question 39

Which one of the following statements describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 39

It protects the brain cells from harmful substances and pathogens found in the blood stream

Question 40

Which one of the following plexus lays anteromedial to leavator scapula and middle scalene then deep to SCM muscle?

Answer 40

Cervical Plexus

Question 41

Which one of the following structures is responsible for reabsorbing the Cerebrospinal fluid into the blood stream?

Answer 41

The arachnoid villi

Question 42

Which one of the following structures is housed in the pyramids of the medulla?

Answer 42

Corticospinal tracts

Question 43

Which one of the following structures contains the pneumotaxic area and apneustic area of respiration?

Answer 43

The Pons

Question 44

Which one of the following structures is responsible for relaying motor output from the cerebral cortex to the pons and sensory input from the spinal cord to the thalamus?

Answer 44

Midbrain

Question 45

Which one of the following statements identifies the function of the neuropeptides, endorphins, and dynorphins?

Answer 45

They are the bodies natural painkillers

Question 46

Which one of the following nerve roots forms the cervical plexus?

Answer 46

The anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C4 or 5

Question 47

Which one of the following nerve roots forms the Intercostal plexus?

Answer 47

The intercostal nerves do not form a plexus they innervate the tissue directly

Question 48

Which one of the following structures is NOT innervated by the cervical plexus?

Answer 48

Subclavian muscle

Question 49

Which one of the following structures in the brain monitors chemical changes in the blood as it does not have a blood-brain barrier?

Answer 49

The Circumventricular organs

Question 50

Which one of the following areas of the brain provides control of the sleep wake cycles?

Answer 50

Reticular activating system

Question 51

Which one of the following cranial nerves is known as Cranial Nerve 4?

Answer 51

Trochlear

Question 52

Which one of the following areas of the brain localizes pain and temperature sensations?

Answer 52

Thalamus

Question 53

Which one of the following cranial nerves provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

Answer 53

Cranial nerve 9

Question 54

Which one of the following cranial nerves innervates the eyeball causing abduction?

Answer 54

Abducens

Question 55

Which one of the following structures is the scientific term for the 'white of the eye'?

Answer 55

Sclera

Question 56

When sound waves enter the external auditory canal, it causes the vibration of certain structures in sequence. From the lists provided, select the ONE sequence that is correct.

Answer 56

Tympanic membrane  malleous  incus  stapes  oval window

Question 57

Which structure of the inner ear is responsible for the sense of hearing?

Answer 57

Cochlea

Question 58

Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies the boundaries for the middle ear?

Answer 58

Tympanic membrane and oval window

Question 59

Which one of the following structures stimulates the hair cells of the Organ of Corti in the ear?

Answer 59

Tectorial membrane

Question 60

Which one of the following structures is the receptor which responds to rotational movements of the head?

Answer 60

Cristae

Question 61

Which one of the following areas of the eye is known as the 'blind spot'?

Answer 61

Optic disc

Question 62

Which one of the following structures contains blood vessels that a doctor can view directly?

Answer 62

Retina

Question 63

Which one of the following areas of the eye has the highest concentration of cones?

Answer 63

Fovea centralis

Question 64

Which one of the following terms is the scientific name for pain receptors?

Answer 64

Nociceptors

Question 65

Which one of the following receptors detects vibration or pressure?

Answer 65

Mechanoreceptors

Question 66

Which one of the following receptors is NOT an example of a proprioceptor?

Answer 66

Meissner corpuscle

Question 67

Which one of the following structures monitor change in the length of a skeletal muscle ultimately creating muscle tone?

Answer 67

Muscle spindle

Question 68

Which one of the following pathways contains sets of 3 neurons, first order, second order and third order that relay information from the somatic receptors to the brain?

Answer 68

Somatic sensory pathway

Question 69

Which one of the following statements regarding the ANS is TRUE?

Answer 69

The ANS is part of the Peripheral Nervous System

Question 70

Which one of the following statements is a function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Answer 70

The responses include salivation, urination and digestion

Question 71

Which one of the following statements regarding the Autonomic Nervous System is FALSE?

Answer 71

Only a few tissues in the body can respond to sympathetic stimulation

Question 72

Which one of the following neurons conducts impulses from somatic receptors into the brain stem or spinal cord?

Answer 72

First order neurons

Question 73

Which one of the following cranial nerves is implicated in Trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 73

Cn 5

Question 74

Which one of the following cranial nerves has been damaged if a person experiences vertigo and tinnitus?

Answer 74

Cn 8

Question 75

Which one of the following cervical nerve levels unite to form the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 75

C 3, 4, 5

Question 76

Which one of the following nerves gives rise to the sural nerve?

Answer 76

Common fibular nerve

Question 77

Which one of the following nerves supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 77

Tibial nerve

Question 78

Which one of the following nerves supplies the anterior muscles of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

Answer 78

Deep fibular nerve

Question 79

Which one of the following nerves is formed by the lumbar plexus posterior division of root L2, L3 & L4?

Answer 79

Femoral

Question 80

Which one of the following nerve roots makes up the axillary nerve?

Answer 80

C5 and C6

Question 81

Which one of the following dermatomes supplies a portion of the gluteals, the posterior aspect of the thigh and leg?

Answer 81

S2

Question 82

Which one of the following dermatomes receives sensory supply from the skin across the nipple line?

Answer 82

T4

Question 83

Which one of the following nerves supplies the supinator muscle?

Answer 83

radial

Question 84

Which one of the following nerves supplies teres minor muscle?

Answer 84

Axillary

Question 85

Which one of the following muscles is NOT innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 85

Pectoralis minor

Question 86

Which one of the following nerves innervates the Trapezius muscle?

Answer 86

Cn XI

Question 87

Which of the following statements regarding nicotinic cholinergic receptors is FALSE?

Answer 87

They are activated by muscarine

Question 88

Which one of the following nerves gives rise to the saphenous nerve?

Answer 88

Femoral nerve

Question 89

Which one of the following statements regarding the sciatic nerve is FALSE?

Answer 89

It passes through the lesser sciatic notch

Question 90

Which one of the following nerves supplies the quadriceps group of muscles?

Answer 90

Femoral nerve

Question 91

Which one of the following reflexes is triggered if the effector in the reflex arc is a skeletal muscle?

Answer 91

Spinal reflex

Question 92

Which one of the following nerves supplies the piriformis muscle?

Answer 92

S1, S2

Question 93

Which one of the following statements regarding the structures supplied directly by the Lumbar Plexus is FALSE?

Answer 93

It supplies the muscles in the posterior thigh

Question 94

Which one of the following receptors detects light?

Answer 94

Photoreceptors

Question 95

Which one of the following terms is defined as: area of skin supplied by a single nerve root?

Answer 95

Dermatome

Question 96

Which one of the following combination of cranial nerves has a somatic sensory component?

Answer 96

1, 2, 7, 8

Question 97

Which part of the brain is responsible for the emotional responses to odours?

Answer 97

Limbic system

Question 98

Which one of the following cranial nerves pairs carries the sensation of taste?

Answer 98

7 and 9

Question 99

Which cranial nerve carries the sensation of taste on the posterior third of the tongue?

Answer 99

Glossopharangeal

Question 100

Regarding the pathway of light, which of the following lists identifies the CORRECT structures in sequence in which light will enter the eyes?

Answer 100

Cornea  pupil  lens  retina

Question 101

If someone is having auditory hallucinations, what cranial nerve would you suspect is affected?

Answer 101

Vestibulocochlear

Question 102

Which one of the following neurotransmitters is released by the sweat glands stimulated by the postganglionic sympathetic nerves?

Answer 102

Acetylcholine

Question 103

Which one of the following muscles is innervated by Cranial Nerve 7?

Answer 103

Buccinator

Question 104

Which one of the following cranial nerves innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 104

XI

Question 105

Which of the following structures is innervated by the obturator nerve?

Answer 105

Adductor magnus

Question 106

Which one of the following sympathetic divisions of the ANS serves the glands of the cranium and face?

Answer 106

Superior cervical ganglion

Question 107

Which of the following is the reason why we usually are not consciously aware of autonomic functions of the body?

Answer 107

There is direct innervation from the brain stem and spinal cord

Question 108

Which of the following is an example of a sympathetic response?

Answer 108

Dilation of the pupils

Question 109

Which one of the following statements regarding the pathway of the brachial plexus is TRUE?

Answer 109

It runs between the 1st rib and the clavicle