Neurophysiology

Question 1

name the brain components of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

frontal and associative cortex
hypothalamus
limbic system
brain stem
medulla
cranial nerves' nuclei: III, VII, IX and X - PS functions

Question 2

reabsorption of Acetylcholin

Answer 2

(acetylcholine esterase) -> choline only is absorbed by pre-ganglionic neuron

Question 3

postganglionic transmission

Answer 3

in autonomic nervous system
pre-ggl neuron + collaterals(visceral afferent and enteric)
-> postggl. neuron

Question 4

physostigmin

Answer 4

inhibits AcChesterase: first incr. transmission then decre. it by inactivating the Na⁺ channels

Question 5

DHP receptor

Answer 5

work as voltage receptor in the muscle

Question 6

reverberation

Answer 6

decr. feedback, inhibitory signals generated by the collaterals

Question 7

myotactic reflex

Answer 7

afferents of tendon type 1 fibers B

Question 8

proprioceptive and exteroceptive reflexes

Answer 8

higher level of brain regulate the reflex

Question 9

exteroceptive reflex

Answer 9

basis of behaviour to avoid pain, local response only

Question 10

what happens to ipsilateral muscles during an exteroceptive reflex

Answer 10

the afferent activation relaxes ipsilateral extensor muscles through inhibitory interneurons

Question 11

what happens to contralateral muscles during an exteroceptive reflex

Answer 11

alpha neurons of the extensors are excited

Question 12

what can you see in the babinski sign

Answer 12

parsi(plantar) flexion is seen of the digits

Question 13

characteristic of the sensory ascending pathway

Answer 13

3 neurons, including the first pseudounipolar neuron

Question 14

rheobase

Answer 14

minimal stimulus strength that is able to generate a response, when applied for a very long time

Question 15

when are neurons in the ventral and lateral side of the tr. spinothalamicus on the contralateral side

Answer 15

immediately after synapse, which is located on the substantia gelatinosa rolandi

Question 16

which afferent spinal pathway carries derails of light tactile sensation

Answer 16

burdach

Question 17

belongs to pyramidal pathway

Answer 17

tr. corticospinalis

tr. corticobulbalis

Question 18

belongs to extrapyramidal pathway

Answer 18

rubrospinal tract
pontine reticulospinal tract
medullary reticulospinal tract
lateral vestibulospinal tract
tectospinal tract

Question 19

spinal shock

Answer 19

guiding symptom: areflexia (absence of reflex)

Question 20

somatic restituation following spinal shock

Answer 20

hyperreflexia - overactive or overresponsive reflexes

Question 21

EEG smallest wave

Answer 21

beta

Question 22

theta wave

Answer 22

higer frequency and smaller amplitude than the delta wave

Question 23

reticular formation in the brain stem main task

Answer 23

setting the activity of higher brain areas -> synch. sleep-wake cycle

Question 24

most important regulators of sleep-wake cycle

Answer 24

nucl. of formatio reticularis and nucl. suprachiasmaticus

Question 25

sensory operations of the cortex; main unit of corticalen presentation

Answer 25

column of grey matterthat is perpendicular to the surface of the brain

Question 26

most imp afferentation to posture

Answer 26

from vestibuloapparatus

Question 27

the sequence of movement

Answer 27

movement initiation mov planning mov reconsideration mov execution

Question 28

where is luthing made to achieve the decerebration ridgidity state

Answer 28

btw. nucl. ruber and nucl. deitersen

Question 29

basal ggl has a paralell function of

Answer 29

arbitrary movement (random)

Question 30

afferentation of the cerebellum

Answer 30

climbing and mossy fibers

Question 31

kinestetic learning

Answer 31

non-hereditary learned behavior | specific stimulus causes behavioral pattern, identical each time

Question 32

active PS vasodilation where|

Answer 32

salivary glands

Question 33

belong to medial limbic ring

Answer 33

area piriformis

Question 34

main efferent of the limbic system

Answer 34

the papez circuit

Question 35

short term memory where

Answer 35

frontal lobe

Question 36

visual cortex of brain where

Answer 36

occipital lobe

Question 37

tot refractive power of eye

Answer 37

62.5D

Question 38

how many optical refractory elements does the eye have

Answer 38

4

Question 39

accomodation of the eye

Answer 39

ciliary muscles contract, it relaxes the zonula fibers of zinn

Question 40

result of light

Answer 40

glutamate release of rods stop

Question 41

scotopic vision

Answer 41

only rods respond to light intensity chanves in viewable spectrum independantly of wavelength

Question 42

visual acuity

Answer 42

the smallest angle under which two neighbouring object points will still be seen as two distinguishable points

Question 43

lateral branch of optic tract

Answer 43

visual perception

Question 44

collicolus dorsalis

Answer 44

responsible for spatial localization of an objec

Question 45

perception of motion where

Answer 45

primary visual cortex

Question 46

brain area crucial in localization of sound

Answer 46

dorsal olivia

Question 47

how many optical refractive elements of the eye

Answer 47

4

Question 48

which fibers cross in optic chiasm

Answer 48

nasal retinal