Flashcards in Neuropsychopharmacology Part 2: Antimanic, Antianxiety, Hypnotics, Muscle Relaxants Deck (28)
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1
lithium: what it is, mechanism
-antimanic (treats bipolar disorder)
-blocks the phosphatase that converts IP2 to IP1, which blocks the recycling of inositol substrates and therefore reduces release of IP3 and DAG
2
carbamazepine: what it is, mechanism
-antiseizure agent used for bipolar disorder
-blocks sodium channels and inhibits the generation of repetitive action potentials
3
valproic acid: what it is, mechanism, side effect
-antiseizure agent used for bipolar disorder
-blocks repetitive neuronal firing
-side effects: teratogenicity (spina bifida)
4
side effect: increased risk of spina bifida
valproic acid
5
antiseizure agents used for long-term control of bipolar disorder (2)
carbamazepine, valproic acid
6
alprazolam: what it is, mechanism, onset of action
-benzodiazepine anxiolytic
-GABA enhancement
-rapid onset of action (minutes)
7
diazepam: what it is, mechanism, duration of action, use other than major use
-benzodiazepine anxiolytic
-GABA enhancement
-long duration of action
-muscle relaxant
8
buspirone: what it is, mechanism, advantage over benzodiazepines, onset of action
-antianxiety agent that is NOT a benzodiazepine
-partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptors
-less sedating than benzodiazepines
-therapeutic effects may take 1-2 weeks or more
9
-antianxiety agent that is NOT a benzodiazepine
-partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptors
-less sedating than benzodiazepines
-therapeutic effects may take 1-2 weeks or more
buspirone
10
-benzodiazepine anxiolytic
-GABA enhancement
-rapidly absorbed
-long duration of action
-muscle relaxant
diazepam
11
-benzodiazepine anxiolytic
-GABA enhancement
-rapid onset of action (minutes)
alprazolam
12
chlordiazepoxide
benzodiazepine prescribed for alcohol withdrawal
13
benzodiazepine prescribed for alcohol withdrawal
chlordiazepoxide
14
effects of benzodiazepines (flurazepam) on sleep
increase stage 1 and 2 sleep, decrease stage 3, 4, and REM sleep
15
benzodiazepine used primarily as a hypnotic (treatment for insomnia)
flurazepam
16
adverse effects common to all benzodiazepines
daytime sedation, ataxia, rebound insomnia, dependence
17
zolpidem: use, mechanism, advantages over benzodiazepines
-treats insomnia
-binds omega-1 BDZ receptor
-less disruption of sleep architecture, no daytime sedation
18
drugs used to treat muscle spasticity (3)
diazepam, baclofen, tizanidine
19
diazepam for muscle spasticity: mechanism, side effect
-enhances action of GABA at GABA-A receptor Cl- channel complex
-produces sedation
20
baclofen: use, mechanism, positive aspect
-treats muscle spasticity
-GABA-B receptor agonist
-as effective as diazepam with less sedation
21
tizanidine: use, mechanism
-treats muscle spasticity
-alpha2-adrenergic agonist
22
benzodiazepines: mechanism
increases chloride conduction by opening GABAA receptor associated with chloride ion channel --> hyperpolarization --> increases inhibition, decreases excitation
23
benzodiazepine that does not form active metabolites
lorazepam
24
drugs used to treat insomnia
benzodiazepines (flurazepam), zolpidem, and chloral hydrate
25
flurazepam
benzodiazepine used primarily as a hypnotic (treatment for insomnia)
26
-treats muscle spasticity
-GABA-B receptor agonist
-as effective as diazepam with less sedation
baclofen
27
binds omega-1 BDZ receptor
zolpidem
28
