Primary (intrinsically desired) Secondary (not intrinsically valued)

Neuroscience Week 7: Mechanisms of Learning and Memory Flashcards by Jay Sandoval

Learning definition

The capacity of organisms to change their behavior in response to experience
It maximizes their ability to adapt to their environment
It allows individuals to understand causal relationships between events

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Learning mechanism

unconditioned stimuli repeated until it becomes a conditioned stimulus that can allow for a conditioned response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Classical conditioning

Habituation
Sensitization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Habituation

Repeated stimulation results in a decreased response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sensitization

Repeated stimulation leads to an increased response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Operant conditioning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reinforcers can be?

Primary (intrinsically desired)
Secondary (not intrinsically valued)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shaping

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Schedule of reinforcement

5 listed

Continuous
Fixed ratio
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
Variable interval

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Continuous reinforcement schedule

presented after every response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fixed Ratio reinforcement schedule

Presented after a designated # of responses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fixed interval reinforcement schedule

Presented after a designated amount of time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Variable ratio reinforcement schedule

Presented after random # of responses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Variable interval reinforcement schedule

Presented after random amount of time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Continuous reinforcement effects

Rapidly learning
Rapid extinction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fixed ratio reinforcement effects

Rapid response rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fixed interval reinforcement effects

Response ↑ toward end of interval
Response ↓ after reinforcement is given

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Variable ratio reinforcement effects

Highly resistant to extinction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Variable ratio reinforcement effects

Highly resistant to extinction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Modeling description

observational learning in which a behavior is demonstrated and the observer imitates the behavior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Modeling effects

More efficient and faster than operant learning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Modeling limitations and caveats

Limited by communication barriers and salience of the behavior
can also be used to teach negative behaviors (maladaptive behaviors)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extinction description

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spontaneous recovery description

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stimulus generalization description

Different types of memory processes

* short term (working/instant sec/min) * Long term (hrs to years)

Long-term memory and circuits

* explicit (declarative) * Implicit (nondeclarative)

declarative memory is

explicit

Nondeclarative memory is

Implicit

Explicit memory types

* Sematic memory * Episodic memory

Implicit memory types

* Procedural memory * Associative learning * Nonassociative learning

Semantic memory description

What is a ...?

Episodic memory description

What happened ...?

Procedural memory description

How to ...?

Associative learning description

Classical and operant conditioning

Nonassociative learning description

* habituation * sensitization

Anatomical localization of memory types

Hippocampal damage

Thalamic damage: Dorsomedial thalamus

Wernicke-Korsakoff description and symptoms (6)

Basal nuclei damage

Lacunar amnesia

Amnesias Categories 6 listed

* Anterograde * Retrograde amnesia * Transient global amnesia * Dissociative amnesia * Post traumatic amnesia * Lacunar amnesia

Anterograde amnesia

inability to create new memories while long-term memories from before the event remain intact

Retrograde amnesia

inability to recall memories before the acquired onset of amnesia

TGA AKA

Transient Global Amnesia

Transient Global Amnesia description

temporary short-term memory loss followed by recovery

Dissociative amnesia description

sudden loss of memory for important personal information

Post-traumatic amnesia description

resulting from concussion or other head trauma

Lacunar amnesia description

loss of memory about one specific event

Summary: explain * classical conditioning * Operant conditioning * schedules of reinforcement

Summary: explain * Classifications of memory * Amnesias

Explicit memory definition

Explicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is the conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts

Implicit memory definition

* Implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously and can affect thoughts and behaviors. * One of its most common forms is procedural memory, which helps people performing certain tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences.

Skills and habits memory type and brain region

implicit procedural memory * Striatum * motor cortex * cerebellum

Priming memory type and brain region

Implicit memory: procedural memory * Neocortex

Emotional responses memory type and brain region

Implicit memory: Associative learning * Amygdala

Nonassociative learning memory type and brain region

Implicit memory (habituation and sensitization) * Reflex pathways

Semantic Memory memory type and brain region

Explicit memory * Hippocampus - medial temporal lobe * diencephalon (mammillary bodies and Thalamus)

Episodic memory: memory type and brain region

Explicit declarative memory * Hippocampus - medial temporal lobe * diencephalon (mammillary bodies and Thalamus)

Memory recall: Steps susceptible to protein synthesis inhibitors

Consolidation and Retrieval (Decon)