Neuroscience Week 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 1

Special aspects of the assessment of children

Answer 1

Question 2

Neurodevelopmental disorders onset

Answer 2

occur in childhood or adolescence

Question 3

Intellectual disability criteria?

Answer 3

based on both clinical assessment and standardized testing of intelligence

Question 4

Autism spectrum disorder Dx criteria

Answer 4

Deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (with or without) intellectual impairment and/or medical or genetic cause

Question 5

ADHD Dx criteria

Answer 5

• Very common
• 2 broad groups of symptoms
• inattention
• hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 6

Separation anxiety disorder description

Answer 6

developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation

is normal 10 months - 2 years

Question 7

Separation anxiety disorder symptoms

6 listed

Answer 7

• anticipatory anxiety when separation is anticipated
• worry of harm or losing caregiver
• school refusal
• fear of being alone
• refusal to sleep alone
• nightmares with separation themes

Question 8

Separation anxiety disorder Treatment

2 listed

Answer 8

antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 9

Oppositional Defiant Disorder description

Answer 9

a pattern of negativistic, hostile and defiant behavior lasting at least 6 months

Question 10

Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms

8 listed

Answer 10

• often losing temper
• often argues with adults
• refusing to comply with adults’ rules/requests
• easily annoyed
• deliberately annoys
• often angry and resentful
• spiteful or vindictive
• often blames others

Question 11

Oppositional Defiant Disorder prevalence

Answer 11

10%

Question 12

Conduct disorder description

Answer 12

a persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms are violated

Question 13

Conduct disorder associated with?

Answer 13

40% Antisocial PD as an adult

Question 14

Conduct disorder onset

Answer 14

duration of at least one year, can start in early childhood

Question 15

Conduct disorder symptoms

4 listed

Answer 15

• aggression to people or animals
• destruction of property
• deceitfulness or theft
• serious violation of rules

Question 16

Conduct disorder prevalence

Answer 16

5-10% of adolescents

Question 17

Case 1

Discuss key clinical characteristics of concern

What are Ashley’s problems?

Question 18

Restrictive, repetitive, stereotyped patterns

Answer 18

• stereotyped or repetitive movements, use of objects, or speech
• insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines
• ritualized patterns of verbal or non-verbal behaviors
• Highly restricted ,fixed interests
• Hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspect of environment

Question 19

Ashley (cont)

Question 20

Social communication deficits

8 listed

Answer 20

Question 21

Questions to ask parents?

Answer 21

Question 22

Best Dx for Ashley

Question 23

Autism epidemiology

Answer 23

• more common in boys
• 1 in 59 children

Question 24

Autism effects and comorbidities

7 listed

Answer 24

• ADHD
• Sleep problems
• Anxiety
• Depression
• GI distress
• Epilepsy
• Schizophrenia

Question 25

Concerns of families and for providers regarding autism

Answer 25

Question 26

How do I stop the stim?

Answer 26

Question 27

Autism causes 3 listed

Answer 27

Question 28

Autism assessment tools

Answer 28

ADOS

Question 29

Ashley UTI

Question 30

Autism treatment

Answer 30

* pharmacology for comorbid disorders (depression, anxiety, GI, etc) * Applied behavioral analysis (time-intensive, 40 hrs/week)

Question 31

Case 2 discuss possible causes of Brandon's behavior and distress

Question 32

Brandon alone interview describe key clinical characteristics and Brandon's possible Dx

Question 33

Case 3 Discuss key clinical features of stevens presentation and possible Dxs Name instruments which may be used to help Dx and monitor Steven's symptoms

Question 34

Rating scales

Answer 34

Question 35

ADHD epidemiology

Answer 35

Question 36

ADHD description

Answer 36

* A neurodevelopmental disorder in which an individual's ability to attend to and control impulses is significantly less than typical child or adult * Causes impairment in the individuals academic or soical functioning * is not accounted for by some other medical or psychiatric condition

Question 37

ADHD subtypes 3 listed

Answer 37

* predominantly inattentive ADHD * Hyperactive-impulsive presentation * combined presentation

Question 38

ADHD symptoms 7 listed

Answer 38

* difficulty in school work or performance * school or work performance below level of competence * poor concentration * lack of organization * poor discipline * inability to follow a routine * forgetfulness

Question 39

Risk factors for ADHD

Answer 39

* highly heritable (71-90% of the variance in ADHD traits was found to be attributable to genetics) * maternal smoking during pregnancy

Question 40

Comorbidities of ADHD 5 listed

Answer 40

Question 41

ADHD Treatment

Answer 41

Question 42

Stimulant management in ADHD

Answer 42

* FHx of structural heart defects risk of sudden cardiac death * monitor height and weight at each visit

Question 43

ADHD and substance use disorders

Answer 43

untreated ADHD is a risk factor of later onset substance use disorders

Question 44

Lisdexamfetamine for ADHD

Answer 44

a stimulant pro-drug may be used if there is a concern for medication misuse

Question 45

Non-stimulant medication options for ADHD

Answer 45

Question 46

Tourette's disorder can occur in a triad with?

Answer 46

ADHD and Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 47

Tourette's Disorder symptoms 5 listed

Answer 47

Question 48

Tourette's disorder onset

Answer 48

* onset before 18 years of age * motor tics usually occur first around age 7 to 8

Question 49

Tourette's disorder treatment 2 listed

Answer 49

* treated with antipsychotics, * can also use alpha agents such as clonidine