Northumberland Flashcards
(12 cards)
Northumberland’s reputation
When he took on government, he looked for a more conciliar working environment.
After the execution of Somerset, he took a more autocratic government.
His own advisor was Sir John Gates who also controlled the dry stamp.
Sent former members (like Paget) to the Tower of London.
Northumberland government?
Wanted a more conciliar working environment.
Rejects ‘Lord Protector’ for ‘Lord President of the Council’
Northumberland Opposition?
Did have to bribe some politicians with money and patronage to establish his power.
Northumberland foreign policy aims?
Willing to sacrifice Scottish foreign affairs for domestic policy.
Realised the value of making peace with France.
Northumberland foreign policy consequences
Mostly successful and avoided a lot of conflict in the Treaty of Boulogne of 1550 and not aiding in a war between the French and Emperor Charles.
Northumberland Religious Policies
More radically protestant.
Had lots of doctrinal changes.
Removed lots of Catholic Bishops (Gardiner + Bonner) with Protestants (Ridley + Hooper).
Main changes was the second act of uniformity, second book of common prayer and the New Treason Act.
Tension in society?
No rebellions when Northumberland is regent.
Finance under Northumberland
Brought in a French payment of £133000 after Boulogne.
Succumbed to the final debasement of the coinage where it was 75% copper. Did begin re-minting it though to become 92.5% silver.
Crown income improved by melting church plates. He pillaged the church in 1553 with their £1100000 worth of resources.
£140000 crown lands sold instead of taxes.
Employment under Northumberland
1551 Collapse of the Antwerp Trade cloth led to unemployment in East Anglia and West of England.
1552 Poor Law, parishes had to provide for the poor.
Agriculture under Northumberland
Sheep tax repealed. Anti-enclosure enforced.
Exploration & Trade under Northumberland
1552 New Trade Company set up by Sebastion Cabot and each privy council invested £25. Found a North East passage to America.
When was Northumberland Regent?
1549-53
