Nov 4th WEEK cards

Question 1

Origins of tongue muscles, and anterior 2/3, and posterior 1/3

Answer 1

Muscles from occipital myotomes

Ant 2/3: 1st brachial arch

Post 1/3: 3rd & 4th archs

Question 2

Benign childhood tumor, confused w/ pituitary adenoma.
Can cause bitemporal hemianopia.
Most common childhood supratentorial tumor.

Answer 2

Craniopharyngioma

Question 3

What is origin of craniopharyngioma? What is it made of?

Answer 3

Ectoderm. Derived from remnant of Rathke’s pouch.

Calcified (sometimes like tooth enamal) and cholesterol crystal

Question 4

For BCL-2, what disease associated?
What is Fx?
What is translocation?

Answer 4

Follicular lymphoma

t(14,18) translocation

Fx: A protooncogene; makes anti-apoptosis

Question 5

How does pyruvate kinase deficiency cause splenomegally?

Answer 5

PK part of glycolysis. IF glycolysis deficient, RBCs die and broken down by spleen. Spleen can become overworked and enlarge (work hypertrophy)

Question 6

erythroid precursor cells in liver & spleen indicative of what? How would Bones present?

Answer 6

Extramedullary hematopoiesis. Caused by severe hemolytic anemia (i.e. thalassemia)

Extra. hem. can cause skeletal problems. Progenitor cells expand in BM thinning cortex. Children can have “chipmunk facies”, frontal expansion

Question 7

Characteristics of Kartagener’s syndrome?

Answer 7

Infertility
chronic respiratory infections
Situs inversus (major organs on opposite side)

aka Immotile cilia syndrome

Question 8

Which cell expresses S-100 (neural crest origin) & CD1a?

Also has birbeck granules that look like “tennis rackets”?

Answer 8

Langerhan cells, a dendritic cell in skin and mucous membranes.

Question 9

In skin, what varies in number between a tan’d & pale person?

Answer 9

Same number of melanocytes. Darker person has more melanin made.

Question 10

What is the FF?

Answer 10

GFR/RPF

Question 11

After vasectomy, how long must a patient use birth control?

Answer 11

patients can still have viable sperm for 3 months & at least 20 ejaculations

Question 12

What are first line anti -HTN drugs?

Answer 12

Thiazide diuretics

Question 13

What is tested for early screening of diabetic nephropathy? What is associated disease with susbtance?

Answer 13

Albumin, to test for Microalbuminuria

Question 14

inherited disorder of blood vessels.

Findings: Telangiectasia, recurrent epistaxis, skin discolorations, & arteriovenous malformations

Answer 14

Osler-Weber-Rendy syndrome

aka: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangictasia

Question 15

What is Telangiectasia?

Answer 15

spider veins) are small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, They can develop anywhere on the body but are commonly seen on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin

Question 16

How does Salmonella typhi present?

Answer 16

-W typhoid fever
red spot “rose spots” on abdomen
escalating fever
-initial diarrhea, followed by hepatosplenomegaly

Question 17

What regions at risk for Typhoid fever?

Answer 17

Asia
Africa
Latina America

patients from West travelling her is a possible clue

Question 18

how does bowel mucosa look in lastase deficiency?

Answer 18

Normal

Question 19

Marked atrophy of intestinal villi seen in..?

Answer 19

Celiac disease

Question 20

Distended macrophages in intestinal lamina propria would be seen in what disease?

Answer 20

Whipple disease

Question 21

How does Ulcerative colitis seen in GI histo?

Answer 21

neutrophils w/n crypt lumina

Question 22

Effects of activating PPAR-gamma?

Answer 22

• Decreased insulin resistance, increased insulin receptor substrate
• increase Glut-4
• increase FA transport protein
• increase Adiponectin

Question 23

List cofactors needed by:
branched chain alpha ketoacid DH (B1),
pyruvate DH,
& alpha-ketoglutarate DH

Answer 23

Tender Loving Care For Nancy

Thiamine, Pyrophosphate, Lipoate, Coenzyme A, FAD, NAD

Question 24

How to improve MSUD?

Answer 24

lifelong dietary restrictions, and give high dose of THIAMINE (Tender Loving Care for Nancy)

Question 25

How does MSUD present?

Answer 25

Infant w/ defective breakdown of branched amino acids due to decrease alpha-ketoacid DH (B1) Piss smells like maple syrup, or burned sugar

Question 26

What are the branched chain amino acids?

Answer 26

Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine

Question 27

What are anicteric infections?

Answer 27

Silent, subclinical

Question 28

What is Fx of Theca interna, externa, granulsa cells

Answer 28

Theca externa- connective support structure (SM & fibroblasts) Theca interna- makes Androgen & Progesteron Granulosa- converted androgen to estradiol via enzyme aromatase

Question 29

E. coli virulence factors?

Answer 29

P. fimbriae (i.e. bind to uroepithelial cells -> UTI), cytitis, pyelonephritis K capsule- pneumonia, neonatal menigitis LPS endotoxin- septic shock

Question 30

Describe scarlet fever Sx. Cause?

Answer 30

G.A.S. that makes pyrogenic exotoxins Sx: pharyngitis, sand-paper like rash (on neck, armpit, groin, then body), circumoral pallor, strawberry tongue (inflammed papillae)

Question 31

Fracture at the Pterion can rupture what blood vessel? What is it a branch of? What can it cause?

Answer 31

Middle meningeal artery (branch of Maxillary) can cause epidural hematoma

Question 32

How to treat DVT in pregnancy? If not pregnant?

Answer 32

Heparin If not pregnant: Warfarin (C/I in pregnancy)

Question 33

Sign of DVT?

Answer 33

unilateral leg pain, swelling,, warmth Homan's sign: calf is tender on dorsiflexion

Question 34

treatment for Graves opthalmopathy

Answer 34

high-dose glucocorticoids (like prednisone)

Question 35

Positive "whiff test" of fishy odor on addition of KOH to vaginal discharge. Also, clue cells on saline wet mount seen

Answer 35

Bacterial vaginosis

Question 36

Woman has yellow-green foamy, foul-smelling discharge. Motile trophozoites w/ flagella seen on slide.

Answer 36

Trichomonas

Question 37

How do you reverse warfarin effects?

Answer 37

Fresh Frozen plasma & Vit. K FFP worst MUCH MUCH faster though

Question 38

acute, painless, monocular vision loss. Pale retina, cherry-red macula.

Answer 38

Central retinal artery occlusion

Question 39

causes of cherry-red macula

Answer 39

Tay-sachs Nieman Pick Central retinal artery occlusion